Chapter 13, Problem 65E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The species which have same number of atoms and same number of valence electrons in ${\text{POCl}}_{\text{3}}{\text{, SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}{\text{, XeO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{, PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}{\text{, ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that exist on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 65E

  

Hence here all ${\text{POCl}}_{\text{3}}{\text{, SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}{\text{, XeO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{, PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}{\text{, ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}$ molecules and ions have same number of total valence electrons that is 32 electrons. Therefore they have same Lewis structure.

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{POCl}}_{\text{3}}$ :

  $(1\times 5)+(1\times 6)+(3\times 7)=32$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{POCl}}_{\text{3}}$ must be:

  

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}$ :

  $(1\times 6)+(4\times 6)+2=32$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}$ must be:

  

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{XeO}}_{\text{4}}$ :

  $(1\times 8)+(4\times 6)=32$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{XeO}}_{\text{4}}$ must be:

  

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}$ :

  $(1\times 5)+(4\times 6)+3=32$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}$ must be:

  

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}$ :

  $(1\times 7)+(4\times 6)+1=32$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}$ must be:

  

Hence here all ${\text{POCl}}_{\text{3}}{\text{, SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}{\text{, XeO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{, PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3-}}{\text{, ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}$ molecules and ions have same number of total valence electrons that is 32 electrons. Therefore they have same Lewis structure.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The species which have same number of atoms and same number of valence electrons in ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}{\text{, SO}}_3{}^{\text{2-}}{\text{, PO}}_3{}^{\text{3-}}{\text{, ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that exist on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 65E

  

Hence here all ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}{\text{, SO}}_3{}^{\text{2-}}{\text{, PO}}_3{}^{\text{3-}}{\text{, ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$ molecules and ions have same number of total valence electrons that is 26 electrons. Therefore they have same Lewis structure.

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ :

  $(1\times 5)+(3\times 7)=26$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ must be:

  

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{SO}}_3{}^{\text{2-}}$ :

  $(1\times 6)+(3\times 6)+2=26$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{SO}}_3{}^{\text{2-}}$ must be:

  

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{PO}}_3{}^{\text{3-}}$ :

  $(1\times 5)+(3\times 6)+3=26$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{PO}}_3{}^{\text{3-}}$ must be:

  

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$ :

  $(1\times 7)+(3\times 6)+1=26$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$ must be:

  

Hence here all ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}{\text{, SO}}_3{}^{\text{2-}}{\text{, PO}}_3{}^{\text{3-}}{\text{, ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$ molecules and ions have same number of total valence electrons that is 26 electrons. Therefore they have same Lewis structure.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The species which have same number of atoms and same number of valence electrons in ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, SCl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{, PCl}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that exist on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The sum of valence electrons must be arranged in such a way that all atoms must get octet configuration (8 electrons).

Answer to Problem 65E

  

Hence here all ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, SCl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{, PCl}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ molecules and ions have same number of total valence electrons that is 20 electrons. Therefore they have same Lewis structure.

Explanation of Solution

The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons. To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw the structure in such a way that each atom gets its octet configuration.

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{-}}$ :

  $(1\times 7)+(2\times 6)+1=20$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{-}}$ must be:

  

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{SCl}}_{\text{2}}$ :

  $(1\times 6)+(2\times 7)=20$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{SCl}}_{\text{2}}$ must be:

  

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{PCl}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ :

  $(1\times 5)+(2\times 7)+1=20$

Hence the best Lewis structure for ${\text{PCl}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ must be:

  

Hence here all ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{-}}{\text{, SCl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{, PCl}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ molecules and ions have same number of total valence electrons that is 20 electrons. Therefore they have same Lewis structure.