Concept explainers
A promising new material with great potential as afuel in solid rocket motors is ammonium dinitramide
a. Draw Lewis structures (including resonance forms)for the dinitramide ion
b. Predict the bond angles around each nitrogen in thedinitramide ion.
c. Ammonium dinitramide can decompose explosivelyto nitrogen, water, and oxygen. Write a balancedequation for this reaction, and use bond energies toestimate
d. To estimate
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 13 Solutions
EBK CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
- The compound NF3 is quite stable, but NCl3 is very unstable (NCl3 was first synthesized in 1811 by P. L. Dulong, who lost three fingers and an eye studying its properties). The compounds NBr3 and NI3 are unknown, although the explosive compound NI3 NH3 is known. Account for the instability of these halides of nitrogen.arrow_forwardFf.124.arrow_forwardExplain formation of covalent bonds in the following chemical compounds (using three theories). SO? · HF CC4. C:BrzH2 . H2 CO3.arrow_forward
- ) Cars with internal combustion engines burn gasoline (octane, C8H18) but analternative electric vehicle burns hydrogen gas to generate electricity. Although gasoline is amixture of hydrocarbons, it can be represented as consisting only of octane, C8H18.a. Write the equation for the combustion of hydrogen gas. This is a synthesis (combination)reaction with water vapor as the product.b. Draw Lewis structures for all molecules in the combustion of hydrogen equation..c. Use bond energies and Lewis structures to calculate the energy released in thecombustion of hydrogen. Use the bond energies table HERE . You can also find thisinformation in week 9, Wk9_Energy_Stoichiometry_notes .d. Which fuel, octane or hydrogen, has a higher fuel value? Octane has a fuel value of5140 kJ/mol. Express the fuel value in kJ/g.e. Calculate the amount of energy released when 400.0 g of hydrogen are combustedarrow_forwardTwo useful organic compounds that contain Cl atoms are vinyl chloride(CH2=CHCl) and chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl). Vinyl chloride is the startingmaterial used to prepare poly(vinyl chloride), a plastic in insulation,pipes, and bottles. Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) is a local anesthetic.Why is the C–Cl bond in vinyl chloride stronger than the C–Cl bond inchloroethane?arrow_forwardwhy CO2 are nonpolar and SO2 are polar in structure although they are both having 2 Oxygen?arrow_forward
- Ammonia is an important chemical used in the production of fertilizer. Industrial production of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen is difficult because of the energy required to cleave the N-N triple bond. Consider the balanced reaction of ammonia: N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2 NH3 (9). This reaction has a value of K = 4.3 x 10-2 at 25 °C. Part A Estimate the AH for this reaction using bond energies. Bond Bond Dissociation Energy kcal/mol (kJ/mol) N-H 93 (391) N-N 38 (160) H-H 103 (432) N = N 226 (946) Express your answer as an integer. ΜΕ ΑΣΦ ? kJ/molarrow_forwardWhen determining if a bond is polar, we must evaluate the difference in electronegativity (ΔEN) of the atoms involved in the bonding. 1. What is ΔEN for germanium and nitrogen? 2. What is ΔEN for silicon and tellurium?arrow_forwardBond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forward
- Write Lewis structures for CO32, HCO3, and H2CO3. When acid is added to an aqueous solution containing carbonate or bicarbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas is formed. We generally say that carbonic acid (H2C03) is unstable. Use bond energies to estimate E for the reaction (in the gas phase) H2CO3CO2+H2O Specify a possible cause for the instability of carbonic acid.arrow_forwardThe standard enthalpy of formation of XeF4 is 218 kJ/mol. Use this value and the enthalpy of dissociation of the FF bond to calculate the XeF bond dissociation enthalpy.arrow_forwardUsing the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, calculate the bond energy of the carbon-sulfur double bond in CS2.arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax