Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The mass fraction and weight percent of
Concept introduction:
Mass fraction: The mass of a single solute divided by the total mass of all solutes and solvent in the solution.
Weight percent: The mass of one component divided by the total mass of the mixture, multiplied by
(a)
Answer to Problem 59QRT
The mass fraction of
Explanation of Solution
- The Mass fraction:
Given information as: Mass of
Mass fraction of
Hence, the mass fraction of
- The Weight percent:
Given information as: Mass of
The weight percent of
(b)
Interpretation: The mass fraction and weight percent of ethanol has to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Refer to (a)
(b)
Answer to Problem 59QRT
The mass fraction of ethanol is
Explanation of Solution
- The Mass fraction:
Given information as: Mass of ethanol is
Mass fraction of ethanol
Hence, the mass fraction of
- The Weight percent:
Given information as: Mass of ethanol is
The weight percent of ethanol is calculated as shown above. Hence, the weight percent obtained is
(c)
Interpretation: The mass fraction and weight percent of methanol has to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Refer to (a)
(c)
Answer to Problem 59QRT
The mass fraction of methanol is
Explanation of Solution
- The Mass fraction:
Given information as: Mass of methanol is
Mass fraction of methanol
Hence, the mass fraction of methanol is
- The Weight percent:
Given information as: Mass of methanol is
The weight percent of methanol is calculated as shown above. Hence, the weight percent obtained is
(d)
Interpretation: The mass fraction and weight percent of ethylene glycol has to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Refer to (a)
(d)
Answer to Problem 59QRT
The mass fraction of ethylene glycol is
Explanation of Solution
- The Mass fraction:
Given information as: Density of ethylene glycol is
Mass of ethylene glycol:
Mass fraction of ethylene glycol
Hence, the mass fraction of ethylene glycol is
- The Weight percent:
The weight percent of ethylene glycol is calculated as shown above. Hence, the weight percent obtained is
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- Insulin is a hormone responsible for the regulation of glucose levels in the blood. An aqueous solution of insulin has an osmotic pressure of 2.5 mm Hg at 25C. It is prepared by dissolving 0.100 g of insulin in enough water to make 125 mL of solution. What is the molar mass of insulin?arrow_forwardFluoridation of city water supplies has been practiced in the United States for several decades. It is done by continuously adding sodium fluoride to water as it comes from a reservoir. Assume you live in a medium-sized city of 150,000 people and that 660 L (170 gal) of water is used per person per day. What mass of sodium fluoride (in kilograms) must be added to the water supply each year (365 days) to have the required fluoride concentration of 1 ppm (part per million)that is, 1 kilogram of fluoride per 1 million kilograms of water? (Sodium fluoride is 45.0% fluoride, and water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3.)arrow_forward6-111 As noted in Section 6-8C, the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure obeys a law similar in form to the ideal gas law (discussed in Section 5-4), where Substituting for pressure and solving for osmotic pressures gives the following equation: RT MRT, where M is the concentration or molarity of the solution. (a) Determine the osmotic pressure at 25°C of a 0.0020 M sucrose (C12H22O11) solution. (b) Seawater contains 3.4 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming the solute consists entirely of NaCl (and complete dissociation of the NaCI salt), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C. (c) The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25°C. What concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood? (d) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210. mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme? (e) The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of a certain protein was measured in order to determine the protein's molar mass. The solution contained 3.50 mg of protein dissolved in sufficient water to form 5.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution at 25°C was found to be 1.54 torr. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.arrow_forward
- The dispersed phase of a certain colloidal dispersion consists of spheres of diameter 1.0 102 nm. (a) What are the volume (V=43r2) and surface area (A = r2) of each sphere? (b) How many spheres are required to give a total volume of 1.0 cm3? What is the total surface area of these spheres in square meters?arrow_forward6-20 Give a familiar example of solutions of each of these types: (a) Liquid in liquid (b) Solid in liquid (c) Gas in liquid (d) Gas in gasarrow_forwardCalculate the molality of a solution made by dissolving 115.0 g ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, in 500. mL water. The density of water at this temperature is 0.978 g/mL. Calculate the molarity of the solution.arrow_forward
- For each of the following pairs of solutions, select the solution for which solute solubility is greatest. a. Ammonia gas in water with P = 1 atm and T = 50C Ammonia gas in water with P = 1 atm and T = 90C b. Carbon dioxide gas in water with P = 2 atm and T = 50C Carbon dioxide gas in water with P = 1 atm and T = 50C c. Table salt in water with P = 1 atm and T = 60C Table salt in water with P = 1 atm and T = 50C d. Table sugar in water with P = 2 atm and T = 40C Table sugar in water with P = 1 atm and T = 70Carrow_forwardA patient has a “cholesterol count” of 214. Like manyblood-chemistry measurements,this result is measured inunits of milligrams per deciliter (mgdL1). Determine the molar concentration of cholesterol inthis patient’s blood, taking the molar mass of cholesterolto be 386.64gmol1. Estimate the molality of cholesterol in the patient’sblood. If 214 is a typical cholesterol reading among men inthe United States, determine the volume of such bloodrequired to furnish 8.10 g of cholesterol.arrow_forward
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