The products formed when 1,3-butadiene reacts with the given reagents are to be determined. Concept introduction: Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is a reducing agent and can be used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons. Potassium permanganate oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. Also hot alkaline KMnO 4 oxidatively cleaves alkenes to form carboxylic acids. Alkenes react with halides and undergo substitution reaction where halides replace the double bonds. The product stereochemistry is dependent on the stereochemistry of the reactant alkene. Conjugated dienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-electrophilic addition. The 1,2 – addition to a diene is the addition of electrophile to the carbon designated as 1 and the nucleophile to the carbon designated as 2 as shown below. But the positions of carbons as 1 and 2 are not according to the IUPAC numbering of the molecule but as a conjugated diene. The mechanism is similar with 1,4-addition. The mechanism of 1,2 addition and 1,4-addition of hydro halogenation is given below.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed when 1,3-butadiene reacts with the given reagents are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is a reducing agent and can be used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.

Potassium permanganate oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. Also hot alkaline KMnO₄ oxidatively cleaves alkenes to form carboxylic acids.

Alkenes react with halides and undergo substitution reaction where halides replace the double bonds. The product stereochemistry is dependent on the stereochemistry of the reactant alkene.

Conjugated dienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-electrophilic addition.

The 1,2 – addition to a diene is the addition of electrophile to the carbon designated as 1 and the nucleophile to the carbon designated as 2 as shown below. But the positions of carbons as 1 and 2 are not according to the IUPAC numbering of the molecule but as a conjugated diene. The mechanism is similar with 1,4-addition.

The mechanism of 1,2 addition and 1,4-addition of hydro halogenation is given below.

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Consider a solution of 0.00304 moles of 4-nitrobenzoic acid (pKa = 3.442) dissolved in 25 mL water and titrated with 0.0991 M NaOH. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed when 1,3-butadiene reacts with the given reagents are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is a reducing agent and can be used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.

Potassium permanganate oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. Also hot alkaline KMnO₄ oxidatively cleaves alkenes to form carboxylic acids.

Alkenes react with halides and undergo substitution reaction where halides replace the double bonds. The product stereochemistry is dependent on the stereochemistry of the reactant alkene.

Conjugated dienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-electrophilic addition.

The 1,2 – addition to a diene is the addition of electrophile to the carbon designated as 1 and the nucleophile to the carbon designated as 2 as shown below. But the positions of carbons as 1 and 2 are not according to the IUPAC numbering of the molecule but as a conjugated diene. The mechanism is similar with 1,4-addition.

The mechanism of 1,2 addition and 1,4-addition of hydro halogenation is given below.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed when 1,3-butadiene reacts with the given reagents are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is a reducing agent and can be used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.

Potassium permanganate oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. Also hot alkaline KMnO₄ oxidatively cleaves alkenes to form carboxylic acids.

Alkenes react with halides and undergo substitution reaction where halides replace the double bonds. The product stereochemistry is dependent on the stereochemistry of the reactant alkene.

Conjugated dienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-electrophilic addition.

The 1,2 – addition to a diene is the addition of electrophile to the carbon designated as 1 and the nucleophile to the carbon designated as 2 as shown below. But the positions of carbons as 1 and 2 are not according to the IUPAC numbering of the molecule but as a conjugated diene. The mechanism is similar with 1,4-addition.

The mechanism of 1,2 addition and 1,4-addition of hydro halogenation is given below.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction