Chapter 13, Problem 13.6P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The variation in the chemical shift of a proton with the electronegativity of the neighboring halogen atom is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. Tetramethylsilane (TMS) is taken as the reference.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The variation in the chemical shift of a proton with the number of the neighboring halogen is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. Tetramethylsilane (TMS) is taken as reference.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The affect in chemical shift of a proton by its distance from an electronegative group is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. Tetramethylsilane (TMS) is taken as reference.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ${\left({\text{CH}}_3\right)}_4\text{Si}$ absorbs at lower chemical shift than the other molecules is to be explained. Whether there could be a molecule with smaller chemical shift than TMS or not is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. Tetramethylsilane (TMS) is taken as reference.