Apply knowledge that you have gained in this chapter and one or more of the FLaReS principles (Chapter 1) to evaluate the following statements or claims. A council member claims that the air pollution problem in Los Angeles area could be solved by allowing only zero-emission vehicles to be sold and licensed there. Concept Introduction: FLaReS are a set of rules to test a claim: Falsifiability: is there any evidence to show that the claim is false. Logic: Any evidence provided in support of claim must be of sound reasoning. The conclusion follows inevitably from its premises provided the premise is true. Replicability: If a claim is based on experimental result it is necessary for the evidence to be replicable in subsequent experiment or trial. Sufficiency: Burden of the evidence for any claim rests on the claimant. Extraordinary claims demand extraordinary evidence. Evidence based on authority and or testimony is never adequate. If a claim possess all four, then it might be true. On the other hand, it could still be proven false. However, if a claim fails even one of the FLaReS tests it is likely to be false.

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Chapter 13, Problem 13.1CTE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Apply knowledge that you have gained in this chapter and one or more of the FLaReS principles (Chapter 1) to evaluate the following statements or claims.

A council member claims that the air pollution problem in Los Angeles area could be solved by allowing only zero-emission vehicles to be sold and licensed there.

Concept Introduction:

FLaReS are a set of rules to test a claim:

Falsifiability: is there any evidence to show that the claim is false.

Logic: Any evidence provided in support of claim must be of sound reasoning. The conclusion follows inevitably from its premises provided the premise is true.

Replicability: If a claim is based on experimental result it is necessary for the evidence to be replicable in subsequent experiment or trial.

Sufficiency: Burden of the evidence for any claim rests on the claimant. Extraordinary claims demand extraordinary evidence. Evidence based on authority and or testimony is never adequate.

If a claim possess all four, then it might be true. On the other hand, it could still be proven false. However, if a claim fails even one of the FLaReS tests it is likely to be false.

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