Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 12, Problem 34CTQ
Is zero pollution an optimal goal? Way or why not?
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Before the Civil War, the South traded with the North and with England. The South sold cotton and bought
manufactured goods and food. During the war, one of President Lincoln's first actions was a blockade of the
ports in the South to prevent this trade. The South had to increase its production of munitions and food.
Draw a point to show the South's production point prior to the Civil War. Label it 1.
Draw a point to show the South's consumption point prior to the Civil War. Label it 2.
During the war, the South's factors of production were severely depleted and its production possibilities
decreased. Draw a curve that shows the effects of the Civil War on the South's PPF. Label it PPF₁.
Draw a point to show the South's production point during the Civil War. Label it 3.
During the war, the South did not engage in trade. Draw a point to show the South's consumption point during
the Civil War. Label it 4.
100
80-
60-
Other goods and services (units)
☑
40-
20-
200
400
600
PPF
800
1000…
Suppose that a paper mill "feeds" a downstream box mill. For the downstream mill, the marginal profitability of producing boxes declines with volume.
For example, the first unit of boxes increases earnings by $10, the second by $9, the third by $8, and so on, until the tenth unit increases profit by
just $1.
The cost the upstream mill incurs for producing enough paper (one "unit" of paper) to make one unit of boxes is $3.50.
Assume the two mills operate as separate profit centers, and the paper mill sets the price of paper. It follows that the marginal profitability of boxes
represents the highest price that the box division would be willing to pay the paper division for boxes.. Furthermore, assume that fixed costs are $0
for the paper mill.
The following table summarizes the quantity, total revenue, and marginal costs from the perspective of the paper mill for selling paper to the box mill
at various prices.
In the following table, fill in the marginal revenue, total cost, and total…
Planes frequently push back from the gate on time, but then wait 2 feet away from the gate until it is time to queue up for takeoff. This increases fuel
consumption and increases the time that passengers must sit in a cramped plane awaiting takeoff. The following table shows the pay schedule for the
flight crew.
Pay
Per diem
Holding pay per hour
Flight Attendant
Captain
First Officer
$3
$3
$3
$20
$20
$20
Hourly wage (after push back)
$38
$184
$50
Per diem pay indicates how much the flight crew earns once it checks into the airport. Holding pay indicates how much the flight crew earns after it
loads the plane. Hourly wage indicates how much the flight crew earns after it pushes back from the gate and turns on the beacon.
In this scenario, who does not have an incentive to push back from the gate as early as possible? Check all that apply.
Captain
Flight attendants
Passengers
First officer
True or False: Allowing the airline to decide when to push back from the gate would reduce…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 12 - Identify the following situations as an example of...Ch. 12 - Identify whether the market supply curve will...Ch. 12 - For each of your answers to Exercise 12.2, will...Ch. 12 - Table 12.5 provides the supply and demand...Ch. 12 - Consider two approaches to reducing emissions of...Ch. 12 - Classify the following pollution-control policies...Ch. 12 - An emissions tax on a quantity of emissions from a...Ch. 12 - Four films called Elm, Maple, Oak, and (Shelly,...Ch. 12 - The rows in Table 12.7 show three market-oriented...Ch. 12 - Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw...
Ch. 12 - The state of Colorado requires oil and gas...Ch. 12 - Consider the case of global environmental problems...Ch. 12 - A country called Sherwood is very heavily covered...Ch. 12 - What is an externality?Ch. 12 - Give an example of a positive externality and an...Ch. 12 - What is the difference between private costs and...Ch. 12 - In a market without environmental regulations,...Ch. 12 - What is command-and-control environmental...Ch. 12 - What are the three problems that economists have...Ch. 12 - What is a pollution charge and what incentive does...Ch. 12 - What is a marketable permit and what incentive...Ch. 12 - What are better-defined property rights and what...Ch. 12 - As the extent of environmental protection expands,...Ch. 12 - As the extent of environmental protection expands,...Ch. 12 - What are the economic tradeoffs between low-income...Ch. 12 - What arguments d0 low-income countries make in...Ch. 12 - In the tradeoff between economic output and...Ch. 12 - What does a point inside the production...Ch. 12 - Suppose you want to put a dollar value on the...Ch. 12 - Would environmentalists favor command-and-control...Ch. 12 - Consider two ways of protecting elephants from...Ch. 12 - Will a system of marketable permits work with...Ch. 12 - Is zero pollution possible under a marketable...Ch. 12 - Is zero pollution an optimal goal? Way or why not?Ch. 12 - From an economic perspective, is it sound policy...Ch. 12 - Recycling is a relatively inexpensive solution to...Ch. 12 - Can extreme levels of pollution hurt the economic...Ch. 12 - How can high-income countries benefit from...Ch. 12 - Technological innovations shift the production...Ch. 12 - Show the market for cigarettes in equilibrium,...Ch. 12 - Refer to Table 12.2. The externality created by...Ch. 12 - Table 12.12, shows the supply and demand...Ch. 12 - A city currently emits 15 million gallons (MG) of...Ch. 12 - In the Land of Purity, there is only one form of...
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