Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 11SCQ
The state of Colorado requires oil and gas companies who use fracking techniques to retune the land to its original condition after the oil and gas extractions. Table 12.9 shows the total cost and total benefits (in dollars) of this policy.
- Calculate the marginal cost and the marginal benefit at each quantity (acre) of land restored. See Production. Costs and Industry Structure if you need a refresher on how to calculate marginal costs and benefits.
- If we apply marginal analysis, what is the optimal amount of land to be restored?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
The accompanying table shows the relationship between the
speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume
that all other features of the computer are the same (that is,
CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU
speeds listed in the table are available for purchase.
CPU
Total
Marginal
Total
Marginal
GHz
Benefit
Benefit
Cost
Costs
2.0
$1,000
$900
2.5
$1,400
$ 100
3.0
$300
$1,200
3.5
$1,900
$ 1,500
4.0
$2,000
$ 400
The marginal cost of upgrading from a 2.5GHz to 3.0GHz
computer is
O $400.
O $300.
$200.
O $100.
Additional questions:Supposed you and your friends decide to rent the four bedroom apartment and subscribe to cable. The average fixed cost per roommate will be____?If only 3 people moved into the four bedroom apartment, the average fixed cost of rent and cable will be _____, which means that you will have to pay _____ of just the rent on your own
Which agricultural enterprise is relatively more efficient? Interpret all three derived economic parameters (breakeven yield, cost to produce a kilogram, and net profit) and discuss.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 12 - Identify the following situations as an example of...Ch. 12 - Identify whether the market supply curve will...Ch. 12 - For each of your answers to Exercise 12.2, will...Ch. 12 - Table 12.5 provides the supply and demand...Ch. 12 - Consider two approaches to reducing emissions of...Ch. 12 - Classify the following pollution-control policies...Ch. 12 - An emissions tax on a quantity of emissions from a...Ch. 12 - Four films called Elm, Maple, Oak, and (Shelly,...Ch. 12 - The rows in Table 12.7 show three market-oriented...Ch. 12 - Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw...
Ch. 12 - The state of Colorado requires oil and gas...Ch. 12 - Consider the case of global environmental problems...Ch. 12 - A country called Sherwood is very heavily covered...Ch. 12 - What is an externality?Ch. 12 - Give an example of a positive externality and an...Ch. 12 - What is the difference between private costs and...Ch. 12 - In a market without environmental regulations,...Ch. 12 - What is command-and-control environmental...Ch. 12 - What are the three problems that economists have...Ch. 12 - What is a pollution charge and what incentive does...Ch. 12 - What is a marketable permit and what incentive...Ch. 12 - What are better-defined property rights and what...Ch. 12 - As the extent of environmental protection expands,...Ch. 12 - As the extent of environmental protection expands,...Ch. 12 - What are the economic tradeoffs between low-income...Ch. 12 - What arguments d0 low-income countries make in...Ch. 12 - In the tradeoff between economic output and...Ch. 12 - What does a point inside the production...Ch. 12 - Suppose you want to put a dollar value on the...Ch. 12 - Would environmentalists favor command-and-control...Ch. 12 - Consider two ways of protecting elephants from...Ch. 12 - Will a system of marketable permits work with...Ch. 12 - Is zero pollution possible under a marketable...Ch. 12 - Is zero pollution an optimal goal? Way or why not?Ch. 12 - From an economic perspective, is it sound policy...Ch. 12 - Recycling is a relatively inexpensive solution to...Ch. 12 - Can extreme levels of pollution hurt the economic...Ch. 12 - How can high-income countries benefit from...Ch. 12 - Technological innovations shift the production...Ch. 12 - Show the market for cigarettes in equilibrium,...Ch. 12 - Refer to Table 12.2. The externality created by...Ch. 12 - Table 12.12, shows the supply and demand...Ch. 12 - A city currently emits 15 million gallons (MG) of...Ch. 12 - In the Land of Purity, there is only one form of...
Additional Business Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
E6-14 Using accounting vocabulary
Learning Objective 1, 2
Match the accounting terms with the corresponding d...
Horngren's Accounting (11th Edition)
E5-20 Journalizing purchase transactions
Learning Objective 2 July 24 Kerch. Inv. $64 CR
(
Howie Jewelers had ...
Horngren's Accounting (12th Edition)
Ravenna Candles recently purchased candleholders for resale in its shops. Which of the following costs would be...
Financial Accounting (12th Edition) (What's New in Accounting)
What is the relationship between management by exception and variance analysis?
Cost Accounting (15th Edition)
Best Wholesale recently calculated their break-even point for their Midwest operations. The national sales mana...
Principles of Accounting Volume 2
Discussion Questions 1. What characteristics of the product or manufacturing process would lead a company to us...
Managerial Accounting (4th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Show all work. Draw graphs to explain your answers. The correct answers will include areas on the graph and dollar values. Suppose a chemical factory discharges waste products into a river resulting in significant damages to a local fishery. The marginal damage to the fishery (measured in terms of the value of lost fish stocks) is represented by the equation:MDC = 10E The chemical factory can reduce its effluent flows by treating its waste products. Its marginal abatement cost (MAC) function is given by the equation: MAC = 1,200 - 5E. What level of emissions will occur if the chemical factory is not regulated? What would the total abatement costs for the chemical factory be if emissions are controlled and reduced to zero? If no liability laws are in place, what damages will the chemical factory inflict on the fishery? (Hint: find TDC) If the government puts in place a liability law that requires the chemical factory to compensate the fishery for the damages it causes,…arrow_forwardD. England coastal community is given by MSB = 40 – 1.5*q, and the marginal cost is MSC = 0.5*q; where q is thousand tons of fish harvested in the current year, and MSB and MSC are measured in million dollars. Assume overfishing will reduce the productivity and the fishery and specifically each thousand tons of fish harvested this year will reduce the present value of future benefits by 4 million dollars, that is the marginal user cost MUC = 4. Determine the quantity of output that achieves static efficiency. Determine the quantity of output that achieves dynamic efficiency. The marginal social benefits generated from commercial fishing in an New %3D a. b.arrow_forwardIn western Kansas, corn can be grown in two ways with or without irrigation. Dryland farmers, who do not irrigate their corn, have long-run average costs of LAČC=Q^2-20Q+105 and long-run marginal costs of LMCd=3Q^2-40Q+105, where Q is measured in thousands of bushels. Farmers lucky enough to water rights or river access have lower costs: Their long-run average cost is LACT=Q^2-16Q+67 and their long-run marginal costs are LMCT=3Q^2-32Q+67. A) If the corn market is in long-run equilibrium,with both dryland and irrigated corn being grown, what must the price of corn be? B) How much economic rent will farmers with access to irrigation earn? C) Explain why irrigating farmers earn economic rents, but will still earn zero economic profits.arrow_forward
- 20-3. Lightweight personal locator beacons are now available to hikers that make it easier for the Forest Service;s rescue teams to locate those lost or in trouble in the wilderness. How will this affect the costs that the Forest Service incurs?arrow_forward6 A coal-fired power plant produces powerp with costs c(p) = . Each unit of power earns the plant $11. Burning coal releases particulate matter (PM2.5), a pollutant that is known to cause heart disease, lung disease, and birth defects. The coal plant borders a wildlife sanctuary which sells tourism visits t for a price $30. However, the sanctuary's animals are getting sick due to the negative externality of PM2.5, such that the costs to the sanctuary are c(t) = +². The local government decides to tax the coal plant to internalize its negative externality. What tax will restore the social optimum? (Round answers to 2 decimal places) Answer: Checkarrow_forwardThree college students are considering operating a tutoring business in economics. This business would require that they give up their current jobs at the student recreation center, which pays $6,000 per year. A fully equipped facility can be leased at a cost of $8,000 per year. Additional costs are $1,000 a year for insurance and $.50 per person per hour for materials and supplies. Their services would be priced at $10 per hour per person. a. What are fixed costs? b. What are variable costs? c. What is the marginal cost? d. How many student hours would it take to break even ?arrow_forward
- The table below shows average cost data for three different-sized plants—1, 2, and 3—which are the only three sizes possible. Output 100 Plant 1 $18 15 Plant 2 $14 11 200 300 11 7 400 10 500 14 8 9 Plant 3 $10 11 9 10 11 a. In what plant size is MES achieved? (Click to select) b. What is the economic capacity for plant 2? Economic capacity: c. What is the right-size plant to produce an output of 300? ✓ (Click to select) Plant 1 Plant 3 Plant 2arrow_forwardWhat is the per unit opportunity cost of product X as production moves from point A to point F? A) 2/5 B) -2/5 C) 5/2 D) -7/6arrow_forwardA farmer is located next to the rancher. They face the following problem.Cattle graze on the farmer's fields and cause $30 worth of damage to corn each year. The rancher's business is worth $100 annually (not taking into account any crop damage). The farmer's business is worth $80 before the cattle trample the corn It would cost $10 to build a fence that would keep the cattle off the farmer's property. If the farmer is given property rights If the rancher is given property rights O A. the rancher will pay the farmer $30 in damages; the farmer will accept the $30 in crop damages B. the rancher will pay the farmer $30 in damages; the farmer will build the fence O C. the rancher will build the fence; the farmer will build the fence O D. the rancher will build the fence; the farmer will accept the $30 in crop damagesarrow_forward
- a- The Western U.S. saw record heat waves in August, 2021. Electricity is heavily used in air conditioning leading to very high demand for electricity then. Would you expect the marginal costs of generating electricity to be similar to in May, 2021, lower orhigher? Why? b- Suppose California could add 1000 MWh of wind generation—which produces for four hours during the nighttime when temperatures are relatively low—or 1000 MWh of solar generation—which produces for four hours in the daytime when temperatures are relatively high. Which one would you have expected to lower total costs of electricity generation more in the summer? Why? Please explain by sketching the daytime and nighttime marginal cost curve for electricity and showing the size of the cost reductions.arrow_forwardThe Boswell Fruit Farm produces only oranges and papaya. Table 1 below shows the maximum possible output combinations of the two fruits using all resources and currently available technology. Answer the questions below and show calculations where appropriate. Table 1 Boswell Fruit Farm Possible Output Combinations Oranges Papayas (thousands of kilos) (thousands of kilos) A 140 0 B 120 20 C 100 38 D 80 52 E 60 64 F 40 74 G 20 80 H 0 82 Which of the possible output combinations represent the lowest opportunity cost for one thousand kilo of papayas? Show your calculation to support your answer.arrow_forwardSuppose a farmer has a fixed resource of 80 acres planted in corn. If the farmer does not cultivate the cornfield (clear the weeds) at all, the yield will be 40 bushels per acre. If he cultivates the land once, output may rise to 50 bushels per acre. A second cultivation may increase output to 57 bushels per acre, a third to 61, and a fourth to 63. a. What will succeeding cultivations will do? b. Why not just keep adding fertilizers and harvesters?c. Give another agriculture related example that will fit this concept.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Microeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...EconomicsISBN:9781305506893Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage LearningMacroeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...EconomicsISBN:9781305506756Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage LearningEconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Cou...EconomicsISBN:9781305506725Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage Learning
Microeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...
Economics
ISBN:9781305506893
Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...
Economics
ISBN:9781305506756
Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Economics: Private and Public Choice (MindTap Cou...
Economics
ISBN:9781305506725
Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher:Cengage Learning