12-42 Complete these equations.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 32P

12-42 Complete these equations.

Chapter 12, Problem 32P, 12-42 Complete these equations.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 1

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and Cl- ions. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which HCl is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 3

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 5

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 6

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which H₂ O is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 7

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 9

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and I- ions.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 10

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HI is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is I^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 11

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The I- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 12

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 13

Concept introduction:

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 14

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HCl is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 15

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 16

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 17

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 18

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 19

Now the below product will form where hydrogen will attach to the 2ⁿ^d carbon to form more suitable product:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 20

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 21

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 22

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 23

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 24

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 32P

12-42 Complete these equations.

Chapter 12, Problem 32P, 12-42 Complete these equations.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 1

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and Cl- ions. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which HCl is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 3

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 5

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 6

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which H₂ O is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 7

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 9

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and I- ions.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 10

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HI is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is I^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 11

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The I- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 12

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 13

Concept introduction:

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 14

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HCl is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 15

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 16

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 17

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 18

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 19

Now the below product will form where hydrogen will attach to the 2ⁿ^d carbon to form more suitable product:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 20

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 21

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 22

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 23

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 24

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 32P

12-42 Complete these equations.

Chapter 12, Problem 32P, 12-42 Complete these equations.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 1

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and Cl- ions. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which HCl is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 3

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 5

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 6

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which H₂ O is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 7

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 9

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and I- ions.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 10

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HI is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is I^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 11

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The I- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 12

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 13

Concept introduction:

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 14

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HCl is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 15

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 16

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 17

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 18

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 19

Now the below product will form where hydrogen will attach to the 2ⁿ^d carbon to form more suitable product:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 20

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 21

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 22

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 23

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 24

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 32P

12-42 Complete these equations.

Chapter 12, Problem 32P, 12-42 Complete these equations.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 1

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and Cl- ions. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which HCl is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 3

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 5

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 6

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which H₂ O is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 7

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 9

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and I- ions.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 10

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HI is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is I^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 11

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The I- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 12

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 13

Concept introduction:

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 14

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HCl is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 15

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 16

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 17

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 18

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 19

Now the below product will form where hydrogen will attach to the 2ⁿ^d carbon to form more suitable product:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 20

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 21

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 22

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 23

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 24

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 1

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and Cl- ions. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which HCl is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 3

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 5

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 6

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which H₂ O is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 7

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 9

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and I- ions.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 10

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HI is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is I^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 11

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The I- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 12

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 13

Concept introduction:

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 14

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HCl is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 15

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 16

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 17

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 18

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 19

Now the below product will form where hydrogen will attach to the 2ⁿ^d carbon to form more suitable product:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 20

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 21

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 22

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 23

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 24

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 1

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and Cl- ions. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 2

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which HCl is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 3

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 4

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 1

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and Cl- ions. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which HCl is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 3

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 4

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 5

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 6

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which H₂ O is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 7

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 8

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 5

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer 20

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 6

Answer 21

Explanation of Solution

As per the given equation, the reactant is a cyclic alkene to which H₂ O is added. And the characteristics reactions given by the alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. The addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the carbon atoms, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 7

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 2 as carbon 2 of the double bond has one hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 1 as it has no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 8

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 9

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and I- ions.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 10

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HI is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is I^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 11

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The I- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 12

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 9

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and I- ions.

Answer 27

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 10

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HI is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is I^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 11

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The I- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 12

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 13

Concept introduction:

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 14

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HCl is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 15

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 16

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 13

Concept introduction:

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it.

Answer 34

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 14

Answer 35

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which HCl is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is Cl^-. On numbering the double bonded carbons of the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 15

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The Cl- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only no carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 16

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 17

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 18

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 19

Now the below product will form where hydrogen will attach to the 2ⁿ^d carbon to form more suitable product:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 20

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 17

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer 41

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 18

Answer 42

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 19

Now the below product will form where hydrogen will attach to the 2ⁿ^d carbon to form more suitable product:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 20

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 21

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 22

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 23

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 24

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Complete the below equation:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 21

Concept introduction:

During the hydration of alkene the unsaturated alkene converted into saturated alkane with the addition of H+ and OH- ions in the presence of H₂ SO₄. This reaction is carried out in the presence of acid therefore it is called acid catalyzed hydration of alkene.

Answer 48

Answer to Problem 32P

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 22

Answer 49

Explanation of Solution

As per the above equation, the reactant is an alkene to which H₂ O is added. We also know that the characteristics reactions given by alkenes are addition reactions in which the addition takes place at the double bond. This addition follows the Markovnikov’s rule.

As per the Markovnikov’s rule, the hydrogen acid is added to the carbon of a double bond containing higher number of hydrogens in it. The halogen part is added to the carbon in the double bond containing fewer number of hydrogens in it. Here, the positive part is H+ and the halogen part is OH^-. On numbering the alkene, the structure is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 23

Now as per the rule, the hydrogen in the above equation attaches to carbon 1 as carbon 1 of the double bond has two hydrogen attached to it. The OH- will attached to carbon 2 as it has only one carbon attached to it. Thus, the complete reaction is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 32P , additional homework tip 24