Interpretation:
The reasons for butane to exist as gas and hexane as liquid at room temperature are to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A hydrocarbon is organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Butane and hexane both are hydrocarbon. Butane is a four-carbon
The temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding atmosphere is called boiling point.
Boiling point of a molecule depends on the intermolecular forces and thermal energy.
Intermolecular forces are of two types: dispersion forces and dipole forces.
Dispersion forces are possessed by all the atoms or molecules, which depend on the molar mass.
Dipole forces exist between polar molecules, which depend on the polarity of the molecules.
Intermolecular forces keep the molecules together. Greater the intermolecular force, higher is the boiling point.
All atoms and molecules possess dispersion forces which depend upon their molar mass.
Polar molecules possess dipole forces between them which depend upon the polarity of the molecules.
A molecular formula consists of the
Dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces and are considered van der waals forces.
Temporary dipoles can occur in non-polar molecules when the electrons that constantly orbit the nucleus occupy a similar location by chance.
Higher the molar mass, higher is the magnitude of the dispersion forces, and hence, higher is the boiling point.
Molecules which have lower molar masses have lower dispersion forces because dispersion force is directly proportional to the molar mass.
Molecules which have higher molar masses have higher dispersion forces.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry In Focus
- How can ethanol and Ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?arrow_forwardHow many grams of methanol must be combusted to raise the temperature of 407 g of water from 13.5°C to 49.98°C? Assume that the transfer of heat from the methanol flame to the water is 100% efficient. How many grams of carbon dioxide are produced in this combustion reaction?arrow_forwardWhat are the phase changes and processes involved in the distillation of ethanol?arrow_forward
- Why do ionic substances generally have higher meltingand boiling points than covalent substances?arrow_forwardhow does the properties such as molar mass, structure, density and boiling point of heptane, benzene, toluene, and 2,3-dimethylpentane affect the trends in physical properties?arrow_forwardWould H2O or CCl4be expected to have a higher boilingpoint? Why?arrow_forward
- Compressed natural gas consists of compound in it. a)c2H6. b) C2H2: c) cH2 d) C2H4arrow_forwardHow can you surely separate pure hexane from the mixture of hexane and water?arrow_forwardImpure Compound X was found to have a melting point range of 106-114 oC. What do each of these numbers (104 and 112) represent?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Living By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHERChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning