(a) Interpretation: Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined: Concept introduction: Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C − H and C − C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms ( N , O , halogens ) . δ + and δ − symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11.6, Problem 11.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether CCl4 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH3CH2CH2NH2 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

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Use the symbols δ+ and δ- to indicate the polarity of the highlighted bonds.

Both of the OF2 and CS2 molecules contain polar bonds. Why one of these molecules is polar and the other is nonpolar?

II. Complete the table below. Compound Molecular Geometry Molecule Polarity 1. НCСI 2. H2S 3. CH4 4. N2 Dipole moment of CO2 5. Н2О Take note that bond polarity and molecule polarity are not the same. The presence of polar bonds does not automatically make a molecule polar. The geometry of the molecule also plays an important role. This can be seen in CO2 wherein the electronegativity difference of C and O is 1.0. This equal distribution of polar bonds makes the molecule non- polar.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11.6, Problem 11.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether CCl4 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH3CH2CH2NH2 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11.6, Problem 11.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether CCl4 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH3CH2CH2NH2 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11.6, Problem 11.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether CCl4 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH3CH2CH2NH2 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11.6, Problem 11.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether CCl4 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH3CH2CH2NH2 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Answer 6

Chapter 11.6, Problem 11.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Answer 7

Chapter 11.6, Problem 11.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether CCl4 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether CCl4 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH3CH2CH2NH2 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether CH3CH2CH2NH2 is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. C−H and C−C bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms (N, O, halogens) . δ+ and δ− symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Answer 14

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Answer 17

Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 11.1P Ch. 11.2 - Fill in all H's and lone pairs in each compound.Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.3P Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.4P Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.5P Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.6P Ch. 11.3 - How many lone pairs are present in lidocaine, the...Ch. 11.4 - Convert each compound to a condensed formula.Ch. 11.4 - Convert each condensed formula to a complete...Ch. 11.4 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...

Solution Summary: The author explains that polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond.

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