Chapter 11.6, Problem 11.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. $\text{C}-\text{H}\text{and}\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms $\left(\text{N},\text{O},\text{halogens}\right)$ . ${\text{δ}}^{+}\text{and}{\text{δ}}^{-}$ symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the following molecule is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. $\text{C}-\text{H}\text{and}\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms $\left(\text{N},\text{O},\text{halogens}\right)$ . ${\text{δ}}^{+}\text{and}{\text{δ}}^{-}$ symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$ is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. $\text{C}-\text{H}\text{and}\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms $\left(\text{N},\text{O},\text{halogens}\right)$ . ${\text{δ}}^{+}\text{and}{\text{δ}}^{-}$ symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ is polar or non-polar should be determined:

Concept introduction:

Polarity of any individual bond is determined by the electro-negativities of the atoms forming a bond. Any covalent bond is non-polar when two identical atoms or of similar electro-negativity are bonded together. $\text{C}-\text{H}\text{and}\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds are said to be non-polar as their electro-negativities are similar. Bond is said to be polar when two atoms of different electro-negativity are bonded such as bond between carbon atom and hetero-atoms $\left(\text{N},\text{O},\text{halogens}\right)$ . ${\text{δ}}^{+}\text{and}{\text{δ}}^{-}$ symbols are given to atoms of less and more electro-negative respectively. Molecule is said to be non-polar if individual bond dipoles cancel in a molecule and if not then the molecule is said to be polar.