Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 11, Problem 58CP
To determine
The difference between the friction drag and pressure drag when the flow over cylindrical bluff body.
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What is the effect of streamlining on (a) friction drag and (b) pressure drag? Does the total drag acting on a body necessarily decrease as a result of streamlining? Explain.
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Based strictly on your understanding of the flat-plate theoryplus adverse and favorable pressure gradients, explainthe direction (left or right) for which airflow past theslender airfoil shape in Fig will have lower total(friction 1 pressure) drag.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 11 - What is drag? What causes it? Why do we usually...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11 - Which bicyclist is more likely to go faster: one...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CPCh. 11 - Define the frontal area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Define the planform area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - What is the difference between streamlined and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9CPCh. 11 - During flow over a given body, the drag force, the...
Ch. 11 - During flow over a given slender body such as a...Ch. 11 - What is terminal velocity? How is it determined?Ch. 11 - What is the difference between skin friction drag...Ch. 11 - What is the effect of surface roughness on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15CPCh. 11 - What is flow separation? What causes it? What is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17CPCh. 11 - Consider laminar flow over a flat plate. How does...Ch. 11 - In general, how does the drag coefficient vary...Ch. 11 - Fairings are attached to the front and back of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - The resultant of the pressure and wall shear...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23PCh. 11 - Prob. 24PCh. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - A circular sign has a diameter of 50 cm and is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 28PCh. 11 - Prob. 29PCh. 11 - At highway speeds, about half of the power...Ch. 11 - A submarine can be treated as an ellipsoid with a...Ch. 11 - A 70-kg bicyclist is riding her 1 5-kg bicycle...Ch. 11 - A wind turbine with two or four hollow...Ch. 11 - During steady motion of a vehicle on a level road,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37EPCh. 11 - A 0.80-m-diameter, 1 .2-rn-high garbage can is...Ch. 11 - An 8-mm-diameter plastic sphere whose density is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 40PCh. 11 - The drag coefficient of a vehicle increases when...Ch. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - During major windstorms, high vehicles such as RVs...Ch. 11 - What does the friction coefficient represent in...Ch. 11 - What fluid property is responsible for the...Ch. 11 - How is the average friction coefficient determined...Ch. 11 - Prob. 47EPCh. 11 - The local atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado...Ch. 11 - Prob. 50PCh. 11 - Prob. 51EPCh. 11 - Air at 25C and 1 atm is flowing over a long flat...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54PCh. 11 - During a winter day, wind at 70 km/h, 5C , and I...Ch. 11 - Prob. 56PCh. 11 - The forming section of a plastics plant puts out a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 58CPCh. 11 - Why is flow separation in flow over cylinders...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60CPCh. 11 - A 5-mm-diameter electrical transmission line is...Ch. 11 - A 1ong 5-cm-diameter steam pipe passes through...Ch. 11 - Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling...Ch. 11 - Prob. 64EPCh. 11 - Prob. 65PCh. 11 - Prob. 66PCh. 11 - Prob. 67EPCh. 11 - One of the popular demonstrations in science...Ch. 11 - Prob. 69PCh. 11 - What is stall? What causes an airfoil to stall?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 71CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at zero...Ch. 11 - Both the lift and the drag of an airfoil increase...Ch. 11 - Prob. 74CPCh. 11 - Prob. 75CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 77CPCh. 11 - Prob. 78CPCh. 11 - Prob. 79CPCh. 11 - Prob. 80CPCh. 11 - How do flaps affect the lift and the drag of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 82EPCh. 11 - Consider an aircraft that takes off at 260 km/h...Ch. 11 - Prob. 84PCh. 11 - Prob. 85PCh. 11 - A tennis ball with a mass of 57 and a diameter of...Ch. 11 - A small aircraft has a wing area of 40 m2, a lift...Ch. 11 - Prob. 89PCh. 11 - Consider a light plane that has a total weight of...Ch. 11 - A small airplane has a total mass of 1800 kg and a...Ch. 11 - An airplane has a mass of 48.000 k. a wins area of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 93EPCh. 11 - Prob. 94PCh. 11 - Prob. 95EPCh. 11 - A 2-zn-high, 4-zn-wide rectangular advertisement...Ch. 11 - 11-97 A plastic boat whose bottom surface can be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 99PCh. 11 - Prob. 100EPCh. 11 - A commercial airplane has a total mass of 150.000...Ch. 11 - Prob. 102PCh. 11 - Prob. 103PCh. 11 - Prob. 104PCh. 11 - Prob. 105PCh. 11 - Prob. 107PCh. 11 - Prob. 108PCh. 11 - Prob. 109PCh. 11 - Prob. 110PCh. 11 - Prob. 111PCh. 11 - Prob. 113PCh. 11 - Prob. 115PCh. 11 - Prob. 116PCh. 11 - Prob. 117PCh. 11 - Prob. 118PCh. 11 - Prob. 119PCh. 11 - The region of flow trailing the body where the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 121PCh. 11 - Prob. 122PCh. 11 - Prob. 123PCh. 11 - Prob. 124PCh. 11 - Prob. 125PCh. 11 - Prob. 126PCh. 11 - An airplane has a total mass of 3.000kg and a wing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 128PCh. 11 - Write a report on the history of the reduction of...Ch. 11 - Write a report oil the flips used at the leading...Ch. 11 - Discuss how to calculate drag force a unsteady...Ch. 11 - Large commercial airplanes cruise at high...Ch. 11 - Many drivers turn off their air conditioners and...Ch. 11 - Consider the boundary layer growing on a flat...
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- From Table the drag coefficient of a wide plate normalto a stream is approximately 2.0. Let the stream conditionsbe U∞ and p∞. If the average pressure on the front of theplate is approximately equal to the free-stream stagnationpressure, what is the average pressure on the rear?arrow_forwardDuring a winter day, wind at 70 km/h, 5°C, and 1 atm is blowing parallel to a 4-m-high and 15-m-long wall of a house. Approximating the wall surfaces as smooth, determine the friction drag acting on the wall. What would your answer be if the wind velocity has doubled? How realistic is it to treat the flow over side wall surfaces as flow over a flat plate?arrow_forwardAtmospheric air is in parallel flow (u∞ = 10 m/s, T = 15°C) over a flat heater surface that is to be maintained at a temperature of 90°C. The heater surface area is 0.25 m², and the airflow is known to induce a drag force of 0.17 N on the heater. What is the electrical power, in kW, needed to maintain the prescribed surface temperature? Use the modified Reynolds or Chilton-Colburn analogy. Evaluate properties for the air at 325 K. q= i kWarrow_forward
- What is flow separation? What causes it? What is the effect of flow separation on the drag coefficient?arrow_forwardAir at 20°C and with I Bar Pressure is flowing over a flat plate at a velocity of 2.801 m/s. If the plate is 27.5 cm wide and at 60°C, calculate the value of Boundary layer thickness, Average friction coefficient, Shear stress due to friction, Local convective heat transfer coefficient, Average heat transfer coefficient, Rate of heat transfer by convection and Total Drag on the plate.The properties at 40°C are:Density: 1.1298 kg/m³, cp= 1.004 kJ/kg C, k- 0.02774 w/m'C, Kinematic viscosity is 17.13 x 10°arrow_forwardWhat fluid property is responsible for the development of the velocity boundary layer? What is the effect of the velocity on the thickness of the boundary layer?arrow_forward
- Thrust is required to propel an airplane at a fi nite forwardvelocity. Does this imply an energy loss to the system?Explain the concepts of thrust and drag in terms of the fi rstlaw of thermodynamics.arrow_forwardDuring a high Reynolds number experiment, the total drag force acting on a spherical body of diameter D = 11 cm subjected to airflow at 1 atm and 5°C is measured to be 5.0 N. The pressure drag acting on the body is calculated by integrating the pressure distribution (measured by the use of pressure sensors throughout the surface) to be 4.75 N. Determine the friction drag coefficient of the sphere.arrow_forwardЕxample 5 The total mass, wing area, cruising speed, and air resistance power of a small aircraft are 1800 kg, 42 m², 280 km/hr, and 190 kW, respectively. Determine the lift and drag coefficients of this airplane while cruising at an altitude of 4000 m.arrow_forward
- 11 4URITAL (B) Air at 27°C flows over a flat plate with a velocity of 3 m/s. Calculate the boundary layer thickness (8) at a distance 25 cm from the leading edge of the plate. The physical properties of air are: p=1.17 kg/m³ and -1.85x10 m³/s. 4.64 TE Rearrow_forwardA long plate is placed parallel to a 13 m/s air stream at 80 kPa and 250 K. At what distance along the plate will the boundary layer be 0.5 mm thick? Give our answer in mm.arrow_forward5 Air at 90°C and 1 atm flows over a flat plate at a velocity of 30 m/s. How thick is the boundary layer at a distance of 2.5 cm from the leading edge of the plate? ir Aowsarrow_forward
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