(a) Interpretation: The phase diagram of the Ag-Ge system needs to be draw 7 n and the phases present in each region of the diagram needs to be labeled. Concept Introduction: The initial two phases near the eutectic point are known as − α = Primary solid solution of Ag β = Primary solid solution of Ge An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ , having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value. Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure GPa. The phase of Ag-Ge ( 111 ) drawn in the region is called as sub monolayer region.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase diagram of the Ag-Ge system needs to be draw 7 n and the phases present in each region of the diagram needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The initial two phases near the eutectic point are known as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure GPa.

The phase of Ag-Ge (111) drawn in the region is called as sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The phase of Ag-rich and Ge-rich composition is represented as follows:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge system as shown below:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 2

Ge - rich solid phase denoted by β

Ag - rich solid phase denoted by α

L − Liquid phase

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compositions and the amounts of the phases present in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is as given below:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are observed as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of the phase diagram Ag-Ge is made up of 21 % and 79 % of alloy of Ag and Ge respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Ge = 80 %

Ag = 20 %

Temperature T= 700 K

Calculation:

From the given figure, we get to know that,

At 700 K temperature, the alpha composition is 5 % of Ag and beta composition is 100 % of Ge

Hence, we want to determine the amount of all phase of 80 % Ge −

Consider −

a = 5 % Ag

b = 100 % Ag

c = 80 % Ag

X = amount of Ge present in alloy

Xα=80-1005-100×100

Xα = 21 % and Xβ = 79 %

Hence, at 700 K in Ag-Ge alloy, α and β are found to be 21 % and 79 % respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transformation in phases that occur on solidification from the melt at the point marked with a circle needs to be explained and the special name needs to be given to this transformation.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification is also called as the process of freezing. The freezing point of liquid is higher than the temperature of liquid changed into the solid state which is called as freezing. Internationally, freezing is solidification where change of liquid phase or liquid content occurs because of the cooling effect.

For a greater number of substances, the freezing and melting temperature is available at the same temperature whereas some substances having different transition temperature of liquid-solid state.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The marked point in the figure is known as the eutectic point.

Explanation of Solution

Given Information:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 4

From the given figure, the marked point is the eutectic point as a transformation from the liquid state to the solid state is occurring.

The eutectic reaction for the eutectic point is

L→α(Solid)+β(Solid)

Here, L= liquid phase

α = Solid phase

β = Solid phase

Hence during solidification, the liquid phase is converted into the liquid phases at the eutectic points.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A schematic diagram illustrating the final microstructure of 15 % Ge ( 85 % Ag) cooled slowly to 300 K from the liquid state needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as sub monolayer region

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge, we get to know that composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 6

Thus, the composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β)

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The stronger sample from the two given samples at room temperature in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phase near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

Explanation of Solution

The micro-hardness of material has a direct relationship with the strength of the material and the wear resistance of compositions. Hence, for determination of the properties of the material, this micro-hardness measurement is to be considered. When there is a use of different microstructures and compositions, then the properties of the materials get varied.

In compositions, α denotes inhibit dislocation hence, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than Ag element.

α and β phase boundaries also denote inhibit dislocations and this leads the material to be stronger.

Thus, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase diagram of the Ag-Ge system needs to be draw 7 n and the phases present in each region of the diagram needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The initial two phases near the eutectic point are known as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure GPa.

The phase of Ag-Ge (111) drawn in the region is called as sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The phase of Ag-rich and Ge-rich composition is represented as follows:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge system as shown below:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 2

Ge - rich solid phase denoted by β

Ag - rich solid phase denoted by α

L − Liquid phase

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compositions and the amounts of the phases present in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is as given below:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are observed as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of the phase diagram Ag-Ge is made up of 21 % and 79 % of alloy of Ag and Ge respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Ge = 80 %

Ag = 20 %

Temperature T= 700 K

Calculation:

From the given figure, we get to know that,

At 700 K temperature, the alpha composition is 5 % of Ag and beta composition is 100 % of Ge

Hence, we want to determine the amount of all phase of 80 % Ge −

Consider −

a = 5 % Ag

b = 100 % Ag

c = 80 % Ag

X = amount of Ge present in alloy

Xα=80-1005-100×100

Xα = 21 % and Xβ = 79 %

Hence, at 700 K in Ag-Ge alloy, α and β are found to be 21 % and 79 % respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transformation in phases that occur on solidification from the melt at the point marked with a circle needs to be explained and the special name needs to be given to this transformation.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification is also called as the process of freezing. The freezing point of liquid is higher than the temperature of liquid changed into the solid state which is called as freezing. Internationally, freezing is solidification where change of liquid phase or liquid content occurs because of the cooling effect.

For a greater number of substances, the freezing and melting temperature is available at the same temperature whereas some substances having different transition temperature of liquid-solid state.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The marked point in the figure is known as the eutectic point.

Explanation of Solution

Given Information:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 4

From the given figure, the marked point is the eutectic point as a transformation from the liquid state to the solid state is occurring.

The eutectic reaction for the eutectic point is

L→α(Solid)+β(Solid)

Here, L= liquid phase

α = Solid phase

β = Solid phase

Hence during solidification, the liquid phase is converted into the liquid phases at the eutectic points.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A schematic diagram illustrating the final microstructure of 15 % Ge ( 85 % Ag) cooled slowly to 300 K from the liquid state needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as sub monolayer region

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge, we get to know that composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 6

Thus, the composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β)

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The stronger sample from the two given samples at room temperature in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phase near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

Explanation of Solution

The micro-hardness of material has a direct relationship with the strength of the material and the wear resistance of compositions. Hence, for determination of the properties of the material, this micro-hardness measurement is to be considered. When there is a use of different microstructures and compositions, then the properties of the materials get varied.

In compositions, α denotes inhibit dislocation hence, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than Ag element.

α and β phase boundaries also denote inhibit dislocations and this leads the material to be stronger.

Thus, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase diagram of the Ag-Ge system needs to be draw 7 n and the phases present in each region of the diagram needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The initial two phases near the eutectic point are known as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure GPa.

The phase of Ag-Ge (111) drawn in the region is called as sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The phase of Ag-rich and Ge-rich composition is represented as follows:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge system as shown below:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 2

Ge - rich solid phase denoted by β

Ag - rich solid phase denoted by α

L − Liquid phase

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compositions and the amounts of the phases present in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is as given below:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are observed as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of the phase diagram Ag-Ge is made up of 21 % and 79 % of alloy of Ag and Ge respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Ge = 80 %

Ag = 20 %

Temperature T= 700 K

Calculation:

From the given figure, we get to know that,

At 700 K temperature, the alpha composition is 5 % of Ag and beta composition is 100 % of Ge

Hence, we want to determine the amount of all phase of 80 % Ge −

Consider −

a = 5 % Ag

b = 100 % Ag

c = 80 % Ag

X = amount of Ge present in alloy

Xα=80-1005-100×100

Xα = 21 % and Xβ = 79 %

Hence, at 700 K in Ag-Ge alloy, α and β are found to be 21 % and 79 % respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transformation in phases that occur on solidification from the melt at the point marked with a circle needs to be explained and the special name needs to be given to this transformation.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification is also called as the process of freezing. The freezing point of liquid is higher than the temperature of liquid changed into the solid state which is called as freezing. Internationally, freezing is solidification where change of liquid phase or liquid content occurs because of the cooling effect.

For a greater number of substances, the freezing and melting temperature is available at the same temperature whereas some substances having different transition temperature of liquid-solid state.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The marked point in the figure is known as the eutectic point.

Explanation of Solution

Given Information:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 4

From the given figure, the marked point is the eutectic point as a transformation from the liquid state to the solid state is occurring.

The eutectic reaction for the eutectic point is

L→α(Solid)+β(Solid)

Here, L= liquid phase

α = Solid phase

β = Solid phase

Hence during solidification, the liquid phase is converted into the liquid phases at the eutectic points.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A schematic diagram illustrating the final microstructure of 15 % Ge ( 85 % Ag) cooled slowly to 300 K from the liquid state needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as sub monolayer region

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge, we get to know that composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 6

Thus, the composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β)

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The stronger sample from the two given samples at room temperature in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phase near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

Explanation of Solution

The micro-hardness of material has a direct relationship with the strength of the material and the wear resistance of compositions. Hence, for determination of the properties of the material, this micro-hardness measurement is to be considered. When there is a use of different microstructures and compositions, then the properties of the materials get varied.

In compositions, α denotes inhibit dislocation hence, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than Ag element.

α and β phase boundaries also denote inhibit dislocations and this leads the material to be stronger.

Thus, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase diagram of the Ag-Ge system needs to be draw 7 n and the phases present in each region of the diagram needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The initial two phases near the eutectic point are known as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure GPa.

The phase of Ag-Ge (111) drawn in the region is called as sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The phase of Ag-rich and Ge-rich composition is represented as follows:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge system as shown below:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 2

Ge - rich solid phase denoted by β

Ag - rich solid phase denoted by α

L − Liquid phase

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compositions and the amounts of the phases present in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is as given below:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are observed as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of the phase diagram Ag-Ge is made up of 21 % and 79 % of alloy of Ag and Ge respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Ge = 80 %

Ag = 20 %

Temperature T= 700 K

Calculation:

From the given figure, we get to know that,

At 700 K temperature, the alpha composition is 5 % of Ag and beta composition is 100 % of Ge

Hence, we want to determine the amount of all phase of 80 % Ge −

Consider −

a = 5 % Ag

b = 100 % Ag

c = 80 % Ag

X = amount of Ge present in alloy

Xα=80-1005-100×100

Xα = 21 % and Xβ = 79 %

Hence, at 700 K in Ag-Ge alloy, α and β are found to be 21 % and 79 % respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transformation in phases that occur on solidification from the melt at the point marked with a circle needs to be explained and the special name needs to be given to this transformation.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification is also called as the process of freezing. The freezing point of liquid is higher than the temperature of liquid changed into the solid state which is called as freezing. Internationally, freezing is solidification where change of liquid phase or liquid content occurs because of the cooling effect.

For a greater number of substances, the freezing and melting temperature is available at the same temperature whereas some substances having different transition temperature of liquid-solid state.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The marked point in the figure is known as the eutectic point.

Explanation of Solution

Given Information:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 4

From the given figure, the marked point is the eutectic point as a transformation from the liquid state to the solid state is occurring.

The eutectic reaction for the eutectic point is

L→α(Solid)+β(Solid)

Here, L= liquid phase

α = Solid phase

β = Solid phase

Hence during solidification, the liquid phase is converted into the liquid phases at the eutectic points.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A schematic diagram illustrating the final microstructure of 15 % Ge ( 85 % Ag) cooled slowly to 300 K from the liquid state needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as sub monolayer region

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge, we get to know that composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 6

Thus, the composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β)

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The stronger sample from the two given samples at room temperature in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phase near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

Explanation of Solution

The micro-hardness of material has a direct relationship with the strength of the material and the wear resistance of compositions. Hence, for determination of the properties of the material, this micro-hardness measurement is to be considered. When there is a use of different microstructures and compositions, then the properties of the materials get varied.

In compositions, α denotes inhibit dislocation hence, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than Ag element.

α and β phase boundaries also denote inhibit dislocations and this leads the material to be stronger.

Thus, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase diagram of the Ag-Ge system needs to be draw 7 n and the phases present in each region of the diagram needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The initial two phases near the eutectic point are known as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure GPa.

The phase of Ag-Ge (111) drawn in the region is called as sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The phase of Ag-rich and Ge-rich composition is represented as follows:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge system as shown below:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 2

Ge - rich solid phase denoted by β

Ag - rich solid phase denoted by α

L − Liquid phase

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compositions and the amounts of the phases present in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is as given below:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are observed as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of the phase diagram Ag-Ge is made up of 21 % and 79 % of alloy of Ag and Ge respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Ge = 80 %

Ag = 20 %

Temperature T= 700 K

Calculation:

From the given figure, we get to know that,

At 700 K temperature, the alpha composition is 5 % of Ag and beta composition is 100 % of Ge

Hence, we want to determine the amount of all phase of 80 % Ge −

Consider −

a = 5 % Ag

b = 100 % Ag

c = 80 % Ag

X = amount of Ge present in alloy

Xα=80-1005-100×100

Xα = 21 % and Xβ = 79 %

Hence, at 700 K in Ag-Ge alloy, α and β are found to be 21 % and 79 % respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transformation in phases that occur on solidification from the melt at the point marked with a circle needs to be explained and the special name needs to be given to this transformation.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification is also called as the process of freezing. The freezing point of liquid is higher than the temperature of liquid changed into the solid state which is called as freezing. Internationally, freezing is solidification where change of liquid phase or liquid content occurs because of the cooling effect.

For a greater number of substances, the freezing and melting temperature is available at the same temperature whereas some substances having different transition temperature of liquid-solid state.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The marked point in the figure is known as the eutectic point.

Explanation of Solution

Given Information:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 4

From the given figure, the marked point is the eutectic point as a transformation from the liquid state to the solid state is occurring.

The eutectic reaction for the eutectic point is

L→α(Solid)+β(Solid)

Here, L= liquid phase

α = Solid phase

β = Solid phase

Hence during solidification, the liquid phase is converted into the liquid phases at the eutectic points.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A schematic diagram illustrating the final microstructure of 15 % Ge ( 85 % Ag) cooled slowly to 300 K from the liquid state needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as sub monolayer region

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge, we get to know that composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 6

Thus, the composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β)

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The stronger sample from the two given samples at room temperature in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phase near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

Explanation of Solution

The micro-hardness of material has a direct relationship with the strength of the material and the wear resistance of compositions. Hence, for determination of the properties of the material, this micro-hardness measurement is to be considered. When there is a use of different microstructures and compositions, then the properties of the materials get varied.

In compositions, α denotes inhibit dislocation hence, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than Ag element.

α and β phase boundaries also denote inhibit dislocations and this leads the material to be stronger.

Thus, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase diagram of the Ag-Ge system needs to be draw 7 n and the phases present in each region of the diagram needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The initial two phases near the eutectic point are known as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure GPa.

The phase of Ag-Ge (111) drawn in the region is called as sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The phase of Ag-rich and Ge-rich composition is represented as follows:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge system as shown below:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 2

Ge - rich solid phase denoted by β

Ag - rich solid phase denoted by α

L − Liquid phase

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phase diagram of the Ag-Ge system needs to be draw 7 n and the phases present in each region of the diagram needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The initial two phases near the eutectic point are known as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure GPa.

The phase of Ag-Ge (111) drawn in the region is called as sub monolayer region.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The phase of Ag-rich and Ge-rich composition is represented as follows:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge system as shown below:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 2

Ge - rich solid phase denoted by β

Ag - rich solid phase denoted by α

L − Liquid phase

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compositions and the amounts of the phases present in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is as given below:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are observed as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of the phase diagram Ag-Ge is made up of 21 % and 79 % of alloy of Ag and Ge respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Ge = 80 %

Ag = 20 %

Temperature T= 700 K

Calculation:

From the given figure, we get to know that,

At 700 K temperature, the alpha composition is 5 % of Ag and beta composition is 100 % of Ge

Hence, we want to determine the amount of all phase of 80 % Ge −

Consider −

a = 5 % Ag

b = 100 % Ag

c = 80 % Ag

X = amount of Ge present in alloy

Xα=80-1005-100×100

Xα = 21 % and Xβ = 79 %

Hence, at 700 K in Ag-Ge alloy, α and β are found to be 21 % and 79 % respectively.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The compositions and the amounts of the phases present in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is as given below:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are observed as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of the phase diagram Ag-Ge is made up of 21 % and 79 % of alloy of Ag and Ge respectively.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Ge = 80 %

Ag = 20 %

Temperature T= 700 K

Calculation:

From the given figure, we get to know that,

At 700 K temperature, the alpha composition is 5 % of Ag and beta composition is 100 % of Ge

Hence, we want to determine the amount of all phase of 80 % Ge −

Consider −

a = 5 % Ag

b = 100 % Ag

c = 80 % Ag

X = amount of Ge present in alloy

Xα=80-1005-100×100

Xα = 21 % and Xβ = 79 %

Hence, at 700 K in Ag-Ge alloy, α and β are found to be 21 % and 79 % respectively.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transformation in phases that occur on solidification from the melt at the point marked with a circle needs to be explained and the special name needs to be given to this transformation.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification is also called as the process of freezing. The freezing point of liquid is higher than the temperature of liquid changed into the solid state which is called as freezing. Internationally, freezing is solidification where change of liquid phase or liquid content occurs because of the cooling effect.

For a greater number of substances, the freezing and melting temperature is available at the same temperature whereas some substances having different transition temperature of liquid-solid state.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The marked point in the figure is known as the eutectic point.

Explanation of Solution

Given Information:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 4

From the given figure, the marked point is the eutectic point as a transformation from the liquid state to the solid state is occurring.

The eutectic reaction for the eutectic point is

L→α(Solid)+β(Solid)

Here, L= liquid phase

α = Solid phase

β = Solid phase

Hence during solidification, the liquid phase is converted into the liquid phases at the eutectic points.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The transformation in phases that occur on solidification from the melt at the point marked with a circle needs to be explained and the special name needs to be given to this transformation.

Concept Introduction:

Solidification is also called as the process of freezing. The freezing point of liquid is higher than the temperature of liquid changed into the solid state which is called as freezing. Internationally, freezing is solidification where change of liquid phase or liquid content occurs because of the cooling effect.

For a greater number of substances, the freezing and melting temperature is available at the same temperature whereas some substances having different transition temperature of liquid-solid state.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The marked point in the figure is known as the eutectic point.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Given Information:

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 4

From the given figure, the marked point is the eutectic point as a transformation from the liquid state to the solid state is occurring.

The eutectic reaction for the eutectic point is

L→α(Solid)+β(Solid)

Here, L= liquid phase

α = Solid phase

β = Solid phase

Hence during solidification, the liquid phase is converted into the liquid phases at the eutectic points.

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A schematic diagram illustrating the final microstructure of 15 % Ge ( 85 % Ag) cooled slowly to 300 K from the liquid state needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as sub monolayer region

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge, we get to know that composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 6

Thus, the composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β)

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A schematic diagram illustrating the final microstructure of 15 % Ge ( 85 % Ag) cooled slowly to 300 K from the liquid state needs to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phases near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as sub monolayer region

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

The composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

From the phase diagram of Ag-Ge, we get to know that composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β).

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition, Chapter 11, Problem 11.46P , additional homework tip 6

Thus, the composition of 15 % Ge is present at 300 K temperature and the phase is present at (α + β)

Answer 34

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The stronger sample from the two given samples at room temperature in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phase near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

Explanation of Solution

The micro-hardness of material has a direct relationship with the strength of the material and the wear resistance of compositions. Hence, for determination of the properties of the material, this micro-hardness measurement is to be considered. When there is a use of different microstructures and compositions, then the properties of the materials get varied.

In compositions, α denotes inhibit dislocation hence, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than Ag element.

α and β phase boundaries also denote inhibit dislocations and this leads the material to be stronger.

Thus, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

Answer 35

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The stronger sample from the two given samples at room temperature in Ag-Ge system needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Phase diagram of Ag-Ge system is represented as follows:

Initial two phase near the eutectic point are given as −

α = Primary solid solution of Ag

β = Primary solid solution of Ge

An intermediate phase is observed denoted by ζ, having closed packed hexagonal structure and having axial ratio values near to the ideal value.

Based on the result of in situ observations and experiment of high-pressure quenching, the possible all phase diagram of the two alloys is drawn at pressure 7 GPa.

The phase drawn of Ag-Ge region is called as the sub monolayer region.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 11.46P

Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Explanation of Solution

The micro-hardness of material has a direct relationship with the strength of the material and the wear resistance of compositions. Hence, for determination of the properties of the material, this micro-hardness measurement is to be considered. When there is a use of different microstructures and compositions, then the properties of the materials get varied.

In compositions, α denotes inhibit dislocation hence, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than Ag element.

α and β phase boundaries also denote inhibit dislocations and this leads the material to be stronger.

Thus, Ag- 2 % Ge is stronger than the Ag element.