(a) Interpretation: The composition of the first solid which is formed during solidification needs to be determined. Concept Introduction: Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase from a liquid or molten phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Question

A 4-m × 5-m × 6-m room is to be heated by a baseboard resistance heater. It is desired that the resistance heater be able to raise the air temperature in the room from 5 to 25°C within 10 min. Assuming no heat losses from the room and an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa, determine the required power of the resistance heater. Assume constant specific heats at room temperature. The properties of air are R = 0.287 kJ/kg·K and cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K (Table A-2a). The required power of the resistance heater is kW.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The composition of the first solid which is formed during solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification.

Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase from a liquid or molten phase.

Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point.

At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The liquidus, solidus, solves and freezing temperature ranges of the alloy needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 260°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 183°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 25°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

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A 4-m × 5-m × 6-m room is to be heated by a baseboard resistance heater. It is desired that the resistance heater be able to raise the air temperature in the room from 5 to 25°C within 10 min. Assuming no heat losses from the room and an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa, determine the required power of the resistance heater. Assume constant specific heats at room temperature. The properties of air are R = 0.287 kJ/kg·K and cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K (Table A-2a). The required power of the resistance heater is kW.

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Find the steady-state expression for vo(t) in the following circuit if vg (t) = 64 cos(8000t) V. 31.25 nF HE + Vg + - 2 ΚΩ Vo 500 mH

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The composition of the first solid which is formed during solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification.

Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase from a liquid or molten phase.

Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point.

At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The liquidus, solidus, solves and freezing temperature ranges of the alloy needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 260°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 183°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 25°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The composition of the first solid which is formed during solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification.

Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase from a liquid or molten phase.

Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point.

At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The liquidus, solidus, solves and freezing temperature ranges of the alloy needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 260°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 183°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 25°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The composition of the first solid which is formed during solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification.

Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase from a liquid or molten phase.

Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point.

At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The liquidus, solidus, solves and freezing temperature ranges of the alloy needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 260°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 183°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 25°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The composition of the first solid which is formed during solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification.

Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase from a liquid or molten phase.

Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point.

At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The liquidus, solidus, solves and freezing temperature ranges of the alloy needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 260°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 183°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 25°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The composition of the first solid which is formed during solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification.

Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase from a liquid or molten phase.

Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point.

At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.18P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The composition of the first solid which is formed during solidification needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification.

Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase from a liquid or molten phase.

Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point.

At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The liquidus, solidus, solves and freezing temperature ranges of the alloy needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The liquidus, solidus, solves and freezing temperature ranges of the alloy needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 260°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 260°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 183°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 183°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 25°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The composition and amount at 25°C of each phase needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Freezing is the other name for solidification. Solidification is the phase change of matter which results in the production of a solid phase. Mostly, this phase occurs when the temperature of a liquid is lowered under the freezing point. At the solidification temperature, atoms which are present in the liquid begins to bond and start the formation of crystals.

Answer 16

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Answer 27

Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.2P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.3P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.4P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.5P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.6P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.7P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.8P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.9P Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that solidification occurs when the temperature of a liquid or molten phase is lowered under the freezing point.

Chapter 11 Solutions