Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The bond enthalpy of
Concept Introduction:
Bond Enthalpy:
The measure of stability of molecule is bond enthalpy. The change in enthalpy is related in breaking a specific bond of 1 mole of gaseous molecule. In solids and liquids bond enthalpies are affected by neighboring molecules. There is possibility to predict the enthalpy of reaction using the average bond enthalpies. Energy is always needed for the breaking of
The enthalpy of reaction in gas phase is given by,
Where,
BE= Bond enthalpy and
To calculate: The bond enthalpy of
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Chemistry: Atoms First
- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardhat is the enthalpy change for a process? Is enthalpy a state function? In what experimental apparatus are enthalpy changes measured?arrow_forwardUsing the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, calculate the bond energy of the carbon-sulfur double bond in CS2.arrow_forward
- Given the following data: NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g)H = 233 kJ 2O3(g) 3O2(g)H = 427 kJ NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)H = 199 kJ Calculate the bond energy for the O2 bond, that is, calculate H for: O2(g) 2O(g)H = ?arrow_forwardUsing the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous methane, CH4, to give water vapor and carbon dioxide gas.arrow_forwardNitrosyl azide, N4O, is a pale yellow solid first synthesized in 1993. Write the Lewis structure for nitrosyl azide.arrow_forward
- Compare your answers from parts a and b of Exercise 69 of Chapter 3 with H values calculated for each reaction using standard enthalpies of formation in Appendix 4. Do enthalpy changes calculated from bond energies give a reasonable estimate of the actual values?arrow_forwardWrite all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?arrow_forwardThe molecular structure shown is of one form of glucose, C6H12O6 Glucose can be oxidized to carbon dioxide and water according to the equation C6H12O6(S) + 6 O2(g)6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) (a) Using the method described in Section 6-6a for estimating enthalpy changes from bond energies, estimate rH for the oxidation of this form of glucose. Make a list of all bonds broken and all bonds formed in this process. (b) Compare your result with the experimental value of 2816 kJ/mol for combustion of glucose. Why might there be a difference between this value and the one you calculated in part (a)?arrow_forward
- Calculate the enthalpy of the reaction below (∆Hrxn, in kJ) using the bond energies provided. 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 H₂O(g).arrow_forwardHydrazine, N2H4, burns in oxygen as follows: N2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2H2O [The bond energies in kJ/mol are: N-H = 388; N-N 163; N≡N 944; O-H 463; O=O 496] Draw the chemical structures of the reactants and products and give the formula to calculate enthalpy change in a reaction, ΔH.arrow_forwardCalculate the overall enthalpy change for the reactionarrow_forward
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