Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10, Problem 8P
Peptide hormones (such as insulin) must bind to receptors on the outside surfaces of their target cells before their signal is transmitted to the inside of the cell. In contrast, the receptors for steroid hormones (such as estradiol, shown in the figure) are found inside cells. What features of these two different hormones explain he locations of their receptors?
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One such laboratory study investigated the binding of a hormone to three different receptor proteins in the cell membrane. The data collected are shown in the table below
1) Provide a brief explanation as to why ligand binding toproteins must be a reversible process.
2) Calculate the dissociation constant (Kd) for the hormone binding to each of the three proteins.
Overexpression of this receptor in the cells of the adrenal gland causes Cushing's syndrome, a disease caused
by the overproduction of cortisol. One strategy that scientists have employed to treat this disease is the use of
small molecules that bind to, but do not activate, MC2R. This type of molecule is generically referred to as an
antagonist. How can an antagonist bind to the same receptor as ACTH but not activate it?
O a. The antagonist can bind covalently while ACTH binds non-covalently
O b. The antagonist is only partially complimentary to the binding pocket of MC2R
O The antagonist binds to ACTH and blocks it from binding to the receptor properly
O d. The antagonist is the exact same structure as ACTH but since it is synthetic it doesn't work
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normally present in those cells. When these receptors are activated they result in the production of cortisol.
Which statement about…
Please identify the incorrect statement about hormone signaling:
A) Cystolic receptors bind to hydophobic hormones and transport them into the nucleus where they directly influence protein synthesis.
B) Hydropholic hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane without help. Therefore, there are transport proteins that carry the hydrophillic hormones to the cytosol where it can bind its receptor
C) Hydrophilic hormone signalling involves membrane receptors that have the ability to activate adenylyl cyclase, producing cAMP. cAMP then affects the activity of numerous proteins in the cytoplam.
D) Hydrophobic hormones easily enter the plasma membrane. Therefore, there is no need for hydrophinic hormone receptors to be on the extracellular surface.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1PCh. 10 - Given these molecular components--glycerol, fatty...Ch. 10 - The classic demonstration that cell plasma...Ch. 10 - The lipid portion of a typical bilayers is about...Ch. 10 - In the following situations, what is the free...Ch. 10 - Propose an experiment that would distinguish...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7PCh. 10 - Peptide hormones (such as insulin) must bind to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 9PCh. 10 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 10 - Prob. 11PCh. 10 - Prob. 12PCh. 10 - Prob. 13PCh. 10 - Prob. 14PCh. 10 - The concentration of glucose in your circulatory...Ch. 10 - ATP is synthesized from ADP, Pi , and a proton on...Ch. 10 - The Na+/ glucose symport transports glucose from...Ch. 10 - Prob. 18PCh. 10 - Prob. 19PCh. 10 - The transport of aspirin (pKa = 3.5, structure...Ch. 10 - Prob. 21P
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- Recently, a Gα q-coupled receptor was discovered that mediates at least some of the many activities of estrogen. At the time, this discovery generated considerable controversy, as it ran counter to what was then the understanding of how steroid hormone signaling worked. Which of the following observations might have led the investigators to suspect the existence of this newly discovered receptor? A. Activities of estrogen apparent less than 1 minute after application of the hormone B. The growth promoting activity of estrogen C. The presence of estrogen nuclear receptors in cells not previously known to respond to the hormone D. Estrogen is found in much higher concentrations in adult women than adult men E. Uptake of estrogen by target cellsarrow_forwardHow can you tell epinephrine is a peptide hormone and not a steroid one by looking at the picture?arrow_forwardPlace the following steps (showing how a steroid hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, fourth, and last. Refer to image. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus of the cell and binds to the DNA. The steroid hormone passes through the cell membrane. The hormone attaches to a receptor in the cytoplasm, forming a hormone-receptor complex. A gene in the DNA is activated, and transcription and translation take place. Proteins that alter the cell′s activities, such as enzymes, are made. 2. Place the following steps (showing how a hydrophilic hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, and last. Refer to image. The activity of the target cell is changed by the final enzyme in the cascade. The second messenger activates or deactivates certain enzymes in a cascade fashion. A second messenger is activated. Hormone binds to a receptor protein.arrow_forward
- Why is the fact that a monomeric hormone binds simultaneously to two identical receptor molecules, thus promoting the formation of a dimer of the receptor, considered remarkable?arrow_forwardWhich statement correctly identifies how a lipid-soluble hormone that diffuses from the blood and through the interstitial fluid identifies which cells in the tissue to act upon? O The cell closest to the diffusion site. O The presence of a receptor located in the cytoplasm or nucleus specific to the hormone in cells. O The presence of a receptor embedded in the plasma membrane of target cells. O The presence of a channel protein embedded in the plasma membrane for the lipid-soluble hormone to diffuse through. Save for Later 80 F3 F4 F5 F6 8 F7 Attempts: 0 of 3 used F8 F9 Submit Answer F10arrow_forwardWhy do peptide and steroid hormones bind different kinds of receptor, and how does this difference affect the resulting signaling pathways in the target cell?arrow_forward
- Testerone is a steriod (lipid) hormone. Which of the following would be the most likely receptor for this hormone? Select one: a. A transmembrane receptor in the cell membrane since it cannot diffuse across the cell membrane b. An intracellular receptor because it can diffuse across the cell membranearrow_forwardHuman growth hormone binds to a cell-surface membrane protein that is not a receptor tyrosine kinase. The intracellular domain of the receptor can bind other proteins inside the cell. Furthermore, studies indicate that the receptor is monomeric in the absence of hormone but dimerizes on hormone binding. Propose a possible mechanism for growth-hormone signaling.arrow_forwardUsing the cultured cells used in this experiment and described in the introduction, how would you approach determining the potency of an agonist to the D2 receptor?arrow_forward
- Why is it regarded extraordinary that a monomeric hormone may attach to two identical receptor molecules simultaneously, hence stimulating the creation of a dimer of the receptor?arrow_forwardAll of the following statements relating to endocrine signaling are correct EXCEPT:arrow_forwardThe physiological effects of epinephrine should in principle be mimicked by addition of cAMP to the target cells. In practice, addition of cAMP to intact target cells elicits only a minimal physiological response. Why? When the structurally related derivative dibutyryl cAMP (shown below) is added to intact cells, the expected physiological response is readily apparent. Explain the basis for the difference in cellular response to these two substances. Dibutyryl cAMP is widely used in studies of cAMP function.arrow_forward
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