Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The chain reaction mechanism for the formation of
Concept introduction:
Radical halogenation is the reaction in which hydrogen atoms of
At normal temperature and pressure, chlorine and methane do not react with each other. The reaction is initiated by light or heat. When exposed to light,
The reaction that is initiated by light is more efficient because a very small amount of light photons allows a large number of products to be formed.
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Organic Chemistry
- Choose from the options A-E and explain briefly by illustrations the chemistry behind each answer. Preamble: A reaction flask contains a 2-bromopentane in an ethanolic solution of sodium ethoxide at room temperature and results in the formation of two olefinic 1.All the following parameters would affect the rate and kinetics of the reaction exceptA.Solvent mediumB.Reaction temperatureC.Reaction timeD.Geometry and structure of the alkyl halideE.pH 2.What would be the major product when 2-iodopentane is involved in a dehydrohalogenation reaction? A.2-iodo-1-penteneB.2-penteneC.(E)-2-penteneD.(Z)-2-penteneE.Cis-2-pentenearrow_forwardBromine reacts with alkenes in methanol according to the equation (see image 1). When this reaction was carried out with 4-tert-butylcyclohexene, only one isomer was formed with the molecular formula C12H23BrO (80% yield) a) Which of the following is the structure more reasonable for this compound? (see image 2) b) Explain your reasoning through a corresponding mechanismarrow_forward2. (a) (b) OUTLINE, using suitable mechanisms, how each of the following conversions is achieved. In each case, you should indicate the reagents to be used and show ALL intermediate compounds. Each arrow may represent one or more than one step. CH3CH₂Br (C6H5)3P CHCH3 H CH3 ——-||- H- (C₂H₂)₂N- H H CH,CH,CHO -CHO H₂C CH3 CHCH3arrow_forward
- Elimination of HBr from 2-bromobutane affords a mixture of 1-butene and 2-butene. With sodium ethoxide as base, 2-butene constitutes 81% of the alkene products, but with potassium tert-butoxide, 2-butene constitutes only 67% of the alkene products. Offer an explanation for this difference.arrow_forward7.) Carbocations are high energy intermediates in organic synthesis that are open-shelled carbon atoms. In the reaction below (a) we see that carbocations are also excellent Lewis acids, readily accepting a water molecule to form the product isopropanol. Given this, explain why when reaction (b) was set up, there were two regioisomeric products formed? Please draw a Lewis acid base reaction mechanism with arrows to justify your answer. H20 H OH H3CO CH3 H3C CH3 a.) carbocation Product open-shell H H20 Н. ОН b.) H3C H3C H3C and HO, ČH3 ČH3 ČH3arrow_forwardThis is an organic chemistry question. PLEASE SHOW STEP BY STEP! ALSO PLEASE INCLUDE ALL ELECTRON LONE PAIRS AND CHARGES FOR STRUCTURES IF NECESSARY! Make sure you include a detailed explanation of your answer.arrow_forward
- the question is from Solomon's organic chemistry 11th edition book.arrow_forwardWhen 2-bromo-2-methylbutane is treated with a base, a mixture of 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1- butene is produced. When potassium hydroxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 45% of the product mixture. However, when potassium tert-butoxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 70% of the product mixture. What percent of 2-methyl-1-butene would be in the mixture if potassium propoxide were the base? base Br A. Less than 45% B. C. 45% Between 45% and 70% D. More than 70%arrow_forward1) 1-bromobutane will undergo reactions when heated, as shown by reactions A and B CH3CH2CH2CH2Br A B CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH=CH2 a)For reactions A and B give the reagents used in each case.b)Reaction A was repeated using 1-iodobutane instead of 1-bromobutane, Explain any difference in therate of reaction observed.C)What type of organic reaction is A?d) Show the mechanism for reaction Ae)Reaction A was repeated with 2-bromo-2-methylpropane instead of 1-bromobutane.i)Name the organic compound formedii) The mechanism of the reaction with 2-bromo-2-methylpropane differs from the mechanism ofreaction A. Describe how the mechanisms differ.f)What type of reaction is B?g)If reaction B was repeated with 2-bromobutane, name the other organic products that can form aswell…arrow_forward
- Can you please help with the following organic chemistry reaction (see attached image) Provide the mechanism involved in the reaction and what the major product(s) would be. Thank youarrow_forward9.19. Analyze the results of the studies of intramolecular electrophilic substitution that are described below. Write mechanisms for each of the cyclizations and comment on the relation between ring size and the outcome of cyclization. (a) CH 3 CH3 (CH₂ (CH₂)3CHCH3 CI CH3NO2 0 °C, 4h CH3 CH3 CH₂CH3arrow_forward(b) Outline, using suitable mechanisms, how the following conversion may be brought about. You should indicate the reagents to be used and any intermediate compounds that may be formed. Each arrow may represent one or more than one step. P(C6H5)3 HC 8-6-30 CH₂Br HC H CH3arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning