EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319159153
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 10, Problem 4MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Founder effect occurs when a group of migrating organisms create a population with new alleles, in a place that was previously isolated.
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What condition(s) is/are necessary for the development of both antagonistic and mutualistic coevolutionary relationships?A. Intimate pairwise interactions with one or more species.B. The agents of selection that are relevant to the populations must evolve.C. Frequency-dependent selection.D. All of the above are necessary for the development of coevolutionary relationships.
A small number of animals moves away from a large ancestral population on the continental mainland and colonizes an island. Which of the following is likely to occur?
A. Genetic diversity will decrease on the mainland, because of a population bottleneck.
B. Alleles that were more rare on the mainland are likely to become more common on the island, because of the founder effect.
C. Genetic diversity will be lower on the island than the mainland, because of the founder effect.
D. Mutations rates will increase on the island, in response to selection pressures in the new environment.
When populations are drastically reduced in size, genetic diversity and heterozygosity
a. are likely to increase, enhancing the probability of extinction.
b. are likely to decrease, enhancing the probability of extinction.
c. are usually not factors that influence the probability of extinction.
d. automatically respond in a way that protects populations from future changes.
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EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
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- The biological species concept emphasizes whether populations a. look the same. b. have similar biochemical pathways. c. can have gene flow between them. d. share common ancestry. e. have similar ecological requirements.arrow_forwardOver the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations? A. Horizontal gene transfer would increase B. The populations will begin colonizing new environments. C. The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in these populations. D. They will go extinct without the antibiotic. E. The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.arrow_forwardGene flow depends on a. migration. b. the ability of migrant alleles to be passed to subsequent generations. c. genetic drift. d. both a and b.arrow_forward
- Define a. mutation b. natural selection c. founder effect d. bottleneck e. gene flow f. nonrandom matingarrow_forwardThepopulations of Chihuahua spruce (Picea chihuahuana) have been fragmented due tochanging climatic conditions. This has resulted in:a.stabilizing selection.b.large population sizes.c.an increase in genetic diversity within populations.d.genetic drift.e.all of the choices apply.arrow_forwardA chance event occurs that causes a population to lose some individuals (they died); hence, a loss of alleles in the population results froma. mutation.b. migration.c. selection.d. genetic drift.arrow_forward
- Adaptation can best be described as A. The change in the genetic characteristics of a population of organisms over time B. Evolutionary changes on a large scale C. Gives us Genotype frequency of a population that is not evolving D. Any feature of the organism that leads to improvement in performance in the environmentarrow_forwardMuch research on extinction has focused on small populations, which are vulnerable for numerous reasons. A cyclical chain of events causing a small population to decline even further and become vulnerable to processes that lead to extinction is called an extinction vortex. Which of the following is not one of the factors leading to this phenomenon? A. Inbreeding between individuals in the population B. Little genetic variation in the population C. low tolerance to environmental stochasticity D. metapopulations with high connectivity E. low fitness of individuals within the populationarrow_forwardGenetic variations in natural populations develop due to: Select one: A. random mutations of the DNA. B. changes in diet. O C. environmental catastrophies. D. changes in the environment. E. individual activities.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is an advantage of sexually reproducing populations over asexually reproducing populations? A. Sexually reproducing populations produce genetically identical offspring. B. Sexually reproducing populations require partners to reproduce. C. Sexually reproducing populations are more resilient against the effects of harmful mutations. D. Sexually reproducing populations do not require partners to reproduce.arrow_forwardPresent-day patterns of biodiversity and genetic diversity reflect past population genetics processes. Which of the following is the most likely to have had a MAJOR contribution to present day species diversity? a. large populations b. random genetic drift c. meiosis d. emigration e. inbreedingarrow_forwardHow does the founder effect show that Africa is where our species originated? (Hint: Think about genetic diversity.) A. Today, people living in Africa have more genetic diversity than all other people in all other areas of the world. B. Today, people living in Africa have less genetic diversity than all other people in all other areas of the world. C. Today, people living in Africa have the same genetic diversity as all other people in all other areas of the world. D. Today, people living in North America have more genetic diversity than all other people in all other areas of the world.arrow_forward
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