EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319159153
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 10, Problem 3MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
There are a number of ways in which the allelic composition of a population can change; gene flow is one of them.
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Within a particular population, darkly colored rats are more likely to survive than more lightly colored individuals. This situation is likely to result in
a. directional selection.
b. stabilizing selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. balancing selection.
Atlantic cod have experienced decades of overharvesting. As a result, the age of maturity of Atlantic cod populations have decreased, so that fish today reach sexual maturity early – at significantly smaller sizes than fish 50 years ago. From this, we can interpret that populations of Atlantic cod are experiencing.
A. Directional selection
B. frequency dependent Selection
C. Disruptive Selection
D. Genetic Drift
E. Stabilizing Selection
2. In 1958, the average age to sexual maturity in the Atlantic cod population was 7.0 years. In 1959 there was a particularly large harvest of the Atlantic cod population. Fish that bred successfully that year had an average age of sexual maturity of 6.0 years. The difference between these values represents
A. Mutation rate
B. Selection Differential
C. Response to selection
D. Heritability
3. The difference in age at sexual maturity between the offspring of the fish that survived the harvest in 1959 (i.e. 6.2 years) and the population average before…
Match the following statements with the appropriate term
The terms are:
a.Genetic polymorphism
b. Stabilizing selection
c. Directional selection
d.gene flow
e. Vestigial
f.heterochrony
g. Cline
i. Polyploidy
j. genetic drift
L. Natural selection
m. Sexual dimorphism
n. Adaptation
o. Homology
p. Convergence
q. Disruptive selection
Match the following statements with the appropriate term
random fluctuation in gene pool (e.g., bottleneck & founder effect)
Answer 1
mutational change that results in individuals with more than two sets of chromosomes, sometimes leading to a distinct species
Answer 2
when adult males and adult females of the same species differ in their physical appearance
Answer 3
similar adaptations resulting from a common ancestor (for example, all canines have long snouts because their common ancestor did, too).
Answer 4
genetic input from other populations
Answer 5
favours intermediate variants by acting against both extremes
Answer 6
accumulation of…
Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
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- A gene exists in two alleles, and the heterozygote has the highest fitness. This situation is likely to result in a. directional selection. c. disruptive selection. b. stabilizing selection. d. balancing selection.arrow_forwardSelection that causes one extreme phenotype to be more frequent in a population is an example ofa. disruptive selection.b. stabilizing selection.c. directional selection.d. equivalent selection.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements most accurately describes the effects of genetic drift on a population? a. Populations of the same size will follow the same evolutionary trajectory when evolving due to drift. b. Genetic drift has the potential to drive evolution in all populations. c. Allele frequencies in a population of infinite size will ultimately drift to fixation or loss. d. The loss of otters in California due to excessive hunting cause a founder effect.arrow_forward
- A hypothetical population was found to have a genotype frequency of AA=25%, Aa=50%, aa=25%. If the “A” allele determines the larger beak depth of this species (“AA” leads to large beak depth, “Aa” is moderate beak depth, and “aa” leads to smaller beak depth), what type of selection is this trait likely experiencing in this population? a. directional b. stabilizing c. disruptivearrow_forwardConsider a hypothetical beetle population, in which beetle colour variesalong a spectrum from light to dark green. When introduced to anenvironment characterized by light green moss and dark green shrubs,both light and dark green beetles have higher fitness than medium greenbeetles. Which of the following terms best describes this situation? Select one:O a. Stabilizing selectionO b. Directional selectionO c. Disruptive selectionO d. Sexual selectionarrow_forwardWhich of the following types of selection maintain variation in a population? a. Overdominance (Heterozygote advantage) b. Underdominance (Heterozygote disadvantage) c. Frequency-dependent selection d. Directional selection e. Both a. & b. f. Both a. and c. g. Both a. and d.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true about linkage disequilibrium? a. New alleles are born into a population in LE with the surrounding loci b. Genetic hitchhiking results from LD between surrounding loci and a locus under strong selection c. Loci in LE in two different populations with different allele frequencies will remain in LE when the two populations completely merge into a single population. d. The greater the selection on a locus, the smaller the haplotype block maintained around it e. D= 0.15 indicates that two loci are in greater LD than D= -0.23arrow_forwardMatch the following examples with the type of natural selection they are describing: .A Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive selection C. Directional selection Natural selection selecting against very high and very low testosterone levels in a population, leading to relatively stable testosterone levels over time A finch species arriving to an island with only insects and large seeds, with natural selection favoring very thin and very thick beaks, but not medium beaks. A population of bacteria evolving to have an increasingly higher resistance against antibiotics A rodent population evolving to a progressively smaller size to enable better thermoregulationarrow_forwardWith regard to genetic drift, are the following statements true or false? If a statement is false, explain why. A. Over the long run, genetic drift leads to allele fixation or loss. B. When a new mutation occurs within a population, genetic drift is more likely to cause the loss of the new allele rather than the fixation of the new allele. C. Genetic drift promotes genetic diversity in large populations. D. Genetic drift is more significant in small populations.arrow_forward
- Thepopulations of Chihuahua spruce (Picea chihuahuana) have been fragmented due tochanging climatic conditions. This has resulted in:a.stabilizing selection.b.large population sizes.c.an increase in genetic diversity within populations.d.genetic drift.e.all of the choices apply.arrow_forwardA hypothetical population was found to have a genotype frequency of AA=20%, Aa=40%, aa=40%. If the “A” allele determines the larger beak depth of this species (“AA” leads to large beak depth, “Aa” is moderate beak depth, and “aa” leads to smaller beak depth), what type of selection is this trait likely experiencing in this population? a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive d. none of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE? Select one: a. Genetic drift is more likely to occur in a small population. b. Random mating occurs when individuals pair by chance. c. The dominant allele is always the most common allele in the gene pool. d. Evolution can be detected by noting a deviation from a Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population.arrow_forward
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