EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319159153
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 10, Problem 10MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Evolution is a constantly occurring process that can be observed in many cases. Organisms evolve to adapt to their surroundings.
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Scenario C: Your Uncle raises beef cattle and is considering adding low amounts of antibiotics to their
feed because he heard it makes them grow larger. Explain to him:
The concept of using antibiotics for "essential use only."
The process of natural selection. How low levels of antibiotics select for resistant bacteria.
How these antibiotic resistant bacteria can then be harmful to not only cows, but also humans.
Probiotic bacteria in the human large intestine (also known as “the colon”):
a. have an optimal population growth rate (population doubling time)
b. digest food materials, such as dietary fiber (cellulose) that the human digestive system cannot digest
c. produce substances that inhibit the growth of detrimental bacteria
d. include the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum
e. produce anti-inflammatory compounds such as short-chain fatty acids
Evolutionary changes of antibiotic resistant bacteria increase the ability of a species to survive and reproduce under any circumstances (True or false) give explaination for answer?
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EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
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- Which of the following statements correctly describes a process by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? A. bacteria reproduce slowly, allowing mutation to become widespread in a population. B. some bacteria produce exotoxins that breakdown antibiotics, rendering them nonfunctional C. conjugation spreads antibiotic resistance genes rapidly in a population D. antibiotics cause mutation in bacteria, making them resistant.arrow_forwardThere are concerns about overuse and misuse of antibacterial drugs, and the association of these with increased antibiotic resisstance in bacteria. Of the following, which best explains this? Antibiotic exposure directly causes many of bacterial in a population to mutate and develop new antibiotic resistance traits. If antibiotic use occurs repeatedly in a person, the dosage of the drug needs to be increased to work in a patient’s system because he/she will develop physiological tolerance to the antibiotic. Exposure to an antibiotic causes bacteria to die or become stronger; stronger bacteria will be better able to cope with additional exposures to any antibiotic drug, eventually becoming immune to all antibiotics. Antibiotics kill susceptible cells and even a small number of existing resistant bacteria that survive will become the majority of the population that remains, leading to populations that are resistant to this drug.arrow_forwardExplain the process of adaptation of individual organisms to their environment (i.e. some disease-causing bacteria in a bacterial population can survive exposure to antibiotics due to slight genetic variations from the rest of the population, which allows successful surviving bacteria to pass on antibiotic resistance to the next generation)arrow_forward
- describe the modern theory of evoluton and discuss how it is supported by evidence from two of the following three areas a.population genetics b.molecular biology c.comparative anatomy and embryology evolution is one of the major unifying concepts of modern biology.explain the mechanism that lead to evolutionary change.describe how scientists use each of the following as evidence fornevolution a.bacterial resistance to antibiotics b.comparative biochemistry c.the fossil recordsarrow_forward. You are discussing the choice of the "oil-eating" bacteria that you will use to clean the affected area from the oil spill and your team wants to know whether the Kalba sea constitutes a natural habitat for these bacteria. Formulate a hypothesis stating why or why not the Kalba sea area can be considered a natural habitat for such bacteria. Support your answer by discussing the role of evolution in contributing to the survival and thriving of “oil-eating" bacteria. Explain how and why these bacteria acquired these characteristics.arrow_forwardThe bacterium Agrobacterium infects plants and causes plant cells to develop tumorlike cellular structures and begin synthesizing sets of proteins that protect the bacterium from the plant immune response, as well as synthesize nutrients that can be used exclusively by the bacterium. Researchers testing the efficacy of two new antibiotic treatments against Agrobacterium are tasked with designing an experiment to test their effectiveness. Which of the following describes the most appropriate control group in this experiment? A B с D a group of infected and untreated plants of the same species a group of uninfected and untreated plants of a different species a group of infected and untreated plants of a different species a group of uninfected and untreated plants of the same speciesarrow_forward
- Place the following elements in the strategy to control mosquito populations in the correct order from earliest to latest by numbering them from 1 to 5. a. Scientists genetically modify male mosquitoes in the lab. b. Mosquito offspring produced by the matings do not survive to adulthood. c. GM male mosquitoes mate with normal wild females. d. The mosquito population decreases dramatically. e. Scientists release GM male mosquitoes into the wild.arrow_forwardWhich of these statements about the virulence of rabbit myxoma virus is TRUE?A. Rabbit myxoma virus needed to become less virulent so it could coexist with its rabbit hosts.B. Directional selection favored a coevolutionary escalation where resistance evolved in rabbits and less virulence evolved in the virus.C. Rabbit myxoma virus became less virulent over time because natural selection favored strains that did not immediately kill the rabbit hosts, enhancing the likelihood of spreading and infecting other rabbits.D. None of the above is a true statement.arrow_forwardMutations cause variations among individuals. If these variations provide an advantage to individuals, then the resulting traits are known as adaptations. Which of the following statements about adaptations is incorrect? A. They are structural or physiological in nature. B. They modify the behaviour of organisms. C. They provide a selective advantage in any environment. D .They increase reproductive success of organisms.arrow_forward
- The bacterium Agrobacterium infects plants and causes plant cells to develop tumorlike cellular structures and begin synthesizing sets of proteins that protect the bacterium from the plant immune response, as well as synthesize nutrients that can be used exclusively by the bacterium. Researchers testing the efficacy of two new antibiotic treatments against Agrobacterium are tasked with designing an experiment to test their effectiveness. Which of the following describes the most appropriate dependent variable in this experiment? A B с D the rate of infection the amount of treatment the number of formed tumors the rate of plant growtharrow_forwardThe spread of antibiotic resistance genes is an example of evolution. Explain how this is evolution using the framework of natural selection. Make sure you include what genes are evolving and what is the selective agent or selective pressure.arrow_forwardThe odor of your underarms is different than the odor of your feet because: a. pathogenic bacteria like E. coli O157:H7 thrive in your underarms but not on your feet b. the population of bacteria on your underarm skin is different than the population of bacteria on the skin of your feet c. the bacteria on the skin of your underarms consume lactose and produce ethanol + CO2 d. Santa’s elves keep your underarms clean e. the population of bacteria on your underarm skin are probiotic but the population of bacteria on the skin of your feet is prebioticarrow_forward
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