EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319159153
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 10, Problem 8SA
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
How the increasing frequency of antibiotic-resistant bacteria represents evolution in progress.
Introduction:
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are “fitter” than non-resistant bacteria in an environment where antibiotics are present.
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How might the evolution of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria be slowed down or prevented? What might you need to know in order to achieve this aim?
Are humans still evolving? What selective pressures will likely play the largest role in shaping what the future of the human condition will be ten years, fifty years, and even five hundred years from now? What impacts have human-invented antibiotics had on bacteria? In what ways have humans contributed to an acceleration of evolutionary processes?
How do mutations and selection work together to create antibiotic resistance? Describe how antibiotics act as a selective pressure on a bacterial population and how mutations can lead to bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
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EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
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- Explain the experiment of prebiotic evolution done by Harold Urey and Stanley Miller.arrow_forwardIn one paragraph, using your own words, explain the role that natural selection plays in the growth of antibiotic-resistant strands of bacteria.arrow_forwardIs gene transfer a form of eugenics? Is it advantageous to use gene transfer to eliminate some genetic disorders? Can this and other technology be used to influence the evolution of our species? Should there be guidelines for the use of genetic technology to control its application to human evolution? Who should create and enforce these guidelines?arrow_forward
- Although natural selection is sometimes called the survival of the fittest, it is ultimately a process of: a) differential reproduction b) differential consumption c) differential migration d) differential mutationarrow_forwardIn 2004, Hurricane Frances submerged several Caribbean islands, killing all of the brown anole lizards living on the submerged islands. In 2005, Scientists moved a male and female brown anole to a small island where the lizards had been eliminated. This experiment will allow scientists to observe which concept? A) Founder effect B) Mutations C) Gene flowarrow_forwardWhat is an Analogy? A) When an anatomic feature is shared among organisms and their descendants B) When two organisms appear the same C) When convergent evolution produces similar phenotypesarrow_forward
- Many pathogenic bacteria have become resistent to antibiotics. a) Explain how Lamarck would explain this event. b) Explain how Darwin would explain this this event.arrow_forwardMaria has a sore throat. Her father takes her to the doctor and she is given an antibiotic. After ten days, Maria is still sick. Use the model seen here and describe what has happened to Maria in terms of natural selection. A) The medicine causes some bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. They survive and reproduce. B) Some of the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic. They survive and reproduce, keeping Maria sick. C) After being subjected to the antibiotics, some bacteria change and they can survive the medicine. Maria remains sick. D) In a population of bacteria, variation exists. The bacteria that have increased resistance to medicine outcompete the non-resistant bacteria for food. Not Gradedarrow_forwardWhat is a Homology? A) When an anatomic feature is shared among organisms and their descendants B) When two organisms appear the same C) When convergent evolution produces similar phenotypesarrow_forward
- The fact that a prokaryote has the ability to make a new protein that is placed in the cell membrane of the mesosome is important to the process of evolution because this represents a) the mutation of a gene, b) new DNA producing a new genetic variation, c) r RNA using a new type of m RNA, d) the species having a greater degree of genetic variability, e) all are truearrow_forward8)Which of the following is a critical factor driving evolution? a)Environmental conditions b)Health in comparison to similar organisms c)Strength in comparison to similar organisms d)Ability to acquire food e)All of these are equally importantarrow_forwardThe spread of antibiotic resistance genes is an example of evolution. Explain how this is evolution using the framework of natural selection. Make sure you include what genes are evolving and what is the selective agent or selective pressure.arrow_forward
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