EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319159153
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 10, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Survival of the fittest refers to reproductive fitness and the survival of the genes being passed on; not the survival of the organism itself.
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Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding the neutral-mutation explanation for the high levels of genetic variation?
A.
Most genetic variation observed is adaptively neutral.
B.
Natural selection plays a lesser role in maintaining genetic variation.
C.
When natural selection occurs it leads to a decrease in genetic variation.
D.
Genetic variation is maintained mainly via the random effects of genetic drift.
Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin argued that evolution by means of natural selection involves all of the following steps except:
a. variation is present in all species
b. species can produce more offspring than the environment can sustain
c. all individuals within a species have equal chances to improve their fitness
d. those individuals that are more fit will survive and reproduce in the greatest numbers
e. over time, the species will evolve as the more fit individuals replace the less fit individuals
Which statement is correct, based on current evolutionary theory?
a.
Selection will favor alleles only if they are good for the species.
b.
Selection will favor alleles only if, on average, they increase the reproductive success of individuals who have them.
c.
In small populations genetic drift can be more effective than natural selection in building adaptations.
d.
Selection sometimes favors alleles that systematically lower the reproductive success of the individuals who have them.
e.
Two of the above are correct.
Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effects of genetic drift on a population? a. Populations of the same size will follow the same evolutionary trajectory when evolving due to drift. b. Genetic drift has the potential to drive evolution in all populations. c. Allele frequencies in a population of infinite size will ultimately drift to fixation or loss. d. The loss of otters in California due to excessive hunting cause a founder effect.arrow_forwardAlthough individuals are selected for or against bynatural selection, it is populations that actually evolve.The application of genetics in the theory of naturalselection has been the most important post-Darwinianadvancement in evolutionary biology. a. Explain why genetic variation within apopulation is a prerequisite for evolution. b. State and explain the factors that producegenetic variation among populations.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is correct (can be more than 1): Genetic drift is an important mechanism of evolution: A. when the difference in fitness between alleles is small B. when a small number of individuals found a new population C. when the difference in fitness between alleles is large D. when population size is small E. when population size is large F. during and after a population bottleneckarrow_forward
- When taking the question, it would appear as: Consider global warming, a continual gradual increase in average temperatures. How might you expect this to affect natural selection? A.environmental changes are unpredictable, and natural selection is a random process, so it is difficult to predict outcome B.species from warmer climates are likely to expand their ranges into higher latitudes C.traits that increase reproductive success under warmer temperatures are likely to increase in frequency in a population D.the stress caused by higher temperatures will increase mutation ratesarrow_forwardPINE TREE NEEDLES Variation among members of a population can lead to natural selection, but only if two conditions are met: First, the trait must be relevant to an individual's survival and/or reproductive rate. Second, variation in this trait must be heritable, that is, at least partly controlled by genes. a. How might you design an experiment to determine the importance of needle length in determining survival and reproduction? b. How might you test the extent to which needle length is heritable?arrow_forwardCheck all of the following that are true: a. Mutation alone is a weak force of evolution. b. Only small populations evolve by genetic drift. c. Selection is always the strongest force of evolution a population can experience. d. Overdominance occurs when there is disruptive selection favoring the homozygotes. e. It is easier to purge a population of dominant deleterious alleles compared to recessive deleterious alleles. f. Populations may change a lot or a little when migration occurs depending on how different the populations are. g. Nonrandom mating in the form of inbreeding is not considered a true evolutionary force. h. Drift and migration can offset or counterbalance the effects of selection in a population.arrow_forward
- What is true about evolution by natural selection? a. It is a largely random process. b. Homology shows that convergence is a useful tool for deducing adaptive function. c. Mothers are invariably members of the same species as their offspring, so selection can never create new species. d. Harmful recessive genes are eliminated more rapidly than harmful dominant genes. e. None of the above is true.arrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following statements about natural selection is true (T) or false (F). Put either a T or an F in each box provided. a. Natural selection alters a population's gene pool b. Natural selection creates new alleles which increase the reproductive success of their owners c. Natural selection favors traits which it anticipates will be beneficial to a species in the future d. Natural selection can at times be observed in nature over the course of just a few decades e. Natural selection acts directly on an individual's phenotypearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? O A. Chance and random events only influence the evolutionary process in small populations. O B. Chance and random events can influence the evolutionary process in all populations, but especially in small ones. O C. Chance and random events play no role in the evolutionary process. O D. Chance and random events influence the evolutionary process in all populations in the form of natural selection. SUBMITarrow_forward
- A. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is important because it serves as a null hypothesis in studies that evaluate evolution of species. it explains how evolution works. it predicts how allele and genotype frequencies will change over time. it clarifies how traits are passed from parent to offspring. B. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium occurs frequently in natural populations. predicts changes in allele and genotype frequencies. is inhibited by random mating. assumes large population sizes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following conclusions are MOST likely to be supported by genetic evidence? A. Some modern-day organisms did not exist in the past. B. Some organisms found in the fossil record do not currently exist. C. Environmental change affected the fitness of individuals differently based on their traits. D. Some disease-causing traits may remain in a population because their alleles provide an advantage to heterozygotes.arrow_forwardWhen comparing individuals of a population, a scientists finds a trait (A) that is shared by most members of a population and another trait (B) that is present in only a few individuals. How could this BEST be explained using descent with modification by natural selection? A. Trait A evolved earlier in time and was not favored by selection. B. Trait A evolved earlier in time and was favored by selection. C. Trait A evolved in more locations and was not favored by selection. D. Trait A evolved in more locations and was favored by selection.arrow_forward
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