(a)
Interpretation:
The liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, and freezing range for NiO-
Concept Introduction:
On the temperature-composition graph of an alloy, the curve above which the alloy exist in the liquid phase is the liquidus curve. The temperature at this curve is maximum known as liquidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the
Solidus curve is the locus of the temperature on the temperature composition graph of an alloy, beyond which the alloy is completely in solid phase. The temperature at this curve is minimum known as solidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Freezing range for an alloy is the difference of the liquidus and the solidus temperature of an alloy. In this range, the alloy melt starts to crystallize at liquidus temperature and solidifies when reaches solidus temperature.
Answer to Problem 10.44P
Liquidus temperature,
Solidus temperature,
Freezing range,
Explanation of Solution
The equilibrium phase diagram for the NiO-MgO system is shown below as:
For NiO-
The freezing range (FR) for this ceramic composition will be:
(b)
Interpretation:
The liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, and freezing range for NiO-
Concept Introduction:
On the temperature-composition graph of an alloy, the curve above which the alloy exist in the liquid phase is the liquidus curve. The temperature at this curve is maximum known as liquidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Solidus curve is the locus of the temperature on the temperature composition graph of an alloy, beyond which the alloy is completely in solid phase. The temperature at this curve is minimum known as solidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Freezing range for an alloy is the difference of the liquidus and the solidus temperature of an alloy. In this range, the alloy melt starts to crystallize at liquidus temperature and solidifies when reaches solidus temperature.
Answer to Problem 10.44P
Liquidus temperature,
Solidus temperature,
Freezing range,
Explanation of Solution
The equilibrium phase diagram for the NiO-MgO system is shown below as:
For NiO-
The freezing range (FR) for this ceramic composition will be:
(c)
Interpretation:
The liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, and freezing range for NiO-
Concept Introduction:
On the temperature-composition graph of an alloy, the curve above which the alloy exist in the liquid phase is the liquidus curve. The temperature at this curve is maximum known as liquidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Solidus curve is the locus of the temperature on the temperature composition graph of an alloy, beyond which the alloy is completely in solid phase. The temperature at this curve is minimum known as solidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Freezing range for an alloy is the difference of the liquidus and the solidus temperature of an alloy. In this range, the alloy melt starts to crystallize at liquidus temperature and solidifies when reaches solidus temperature.
Answer to Problem 10.44P
Liquidus temperature,
Solidus temperature,
Freezing range,
Explanation of Solution
The equilibrium phase diagram for the NiO-MgO system is shown below as:
For NiO-
The freezing range (FR) for this ceramic composition will be:
(d)
Interpretation:
The liquidus temperature, solidus temperature, and freezing range for NiO-
Concept Introduction:
On the temperature-composition graph of an alloy, the curve above which the alloy exist in the liquid phase is the liquidus curve. The temperature at this curve is maximum known as liquidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Solidus curve is the locus of the temperature on the temperature composition graph of an alloy, beyond which the alloy is completely in solid phase. The temperature at this curve is minimum known as solidus temperature at which the crystals in the alloy can coexist with its melt in the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Freezing range for an alloy is the difference of the liquidus and the solidus temperature of an alloy. In this range, the alloy melt starts to crystallize at liquidus temperature and solidifies when reaches solidus temperature.
Answer to Problem 10.44P
Liquidus temperature,
Solidus temperature,
Freezing range,
Explanation of Solution
The equilibrium phase diagram for the NiO-MgO system is shown below as:
For NiO-
The freezing range (FR) for this ceramic composition will be:
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, SI Edition
- 3. EI is constant in the beam below (a = 10 ft, b = 5 ft, E = 29,000 ksi, I = 340 in (W14x34), Mo = 50 k. ft): Mo Mo a. Sketch the deflected shape. X2 b. Determine the equations of the slope and the elastic curve using the coordinates x1 and x2. Due to symmetry, only the left side is sufficient. Hint: symmetry requires the slope to be zero at mid span. c. Determine the maximum deflection. d. Specify the slope (in radians) at point A.arrow_forward2. EI is constant in the beam below (L = 10 ft, E = 29,000 ksi, I = 350 in (W12x45), W = 500 lb/ft): a. Sketch the deflected shape. b. Determine the equations of the slope and the elastic curve using the coordinates x1 and X2. c. Specify the slope (in radians) and deflection at point C. d. Specify the slope (in radians) at point B. -x- L 2 W C X27 L 22 Barrow_forwardPlease solve this problem as soon as possible My ID# 016948724arrow_forward
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- c) A RC circuit is given in Figure Q1.1. Vi(t) and Vo(t) are the input and output voltages. (i) Derive the transfer function of the circuit. (ii) With a unit step change of Vi(t) applied to the circuit, derive the time response of the circuit. C₁ C₂ Vi(t) Vo(1) R₁ C₂ R-25 k C=C2=50 µF Figure Q1.1. RC circuit.arrow_forwardAnswer 2 questions for 100 marks Question 1: Process Design [25 marks] An incomplete process design of a flash drum distillation unit is presented in Figure 1. The key variables to be controlled are flow rate, temperature, composition, pressure and liquid level in the drum. Disturbances are observed in the feed temperature and composition. Heat exchangers Drum Vapor Liquid Pump Figure 1: Incomplete process design of a distillation unit Answer the following questions briefly and in a qualitative fashion: a) Determine which sensors and final elements are required so that the important variables can be controlled. Sketch them in the figure using correct instrumentation tags. Describe briefly what instruments you will use and where they should be located. Reflect on the potential presence of a flow controller upstream of your process design (not shown in the diagram). How would this affect the level controller in the drum? b) [10 marks] Describe briefly how you qualitatively determine the…arrow_forwardAnswer 2 questions for 100 marks Question 1: Process Design [25 marks] An incomplete process design of a flash drum distillation unit is presented in Figure 1. The key variables to be controlled are flow rate, temperature, composition, pressure and liquid level in the drum. Disturbances are observed in the feed temperature and composition. Heat exchangers Drum Vapor Liquid Pump Figure 1: Incomplete process design of a distillation unit Answer the following questions briefly and in a qualitative fashion: a) Determine which sensors and final elements are required so that the important variables can be controlled. Sketch them in the figure using correct instrumentation tags. Describe briefly what instruments you will use and where they should be located. Reflect on the potential presence of a flow controller upstream of your process design (not shown in the diagram). How would this affect the level controller in the drum? b) [10 marks] Describe briefly how you qualitatively determine the…arrow_forward
- Question 2: Process Control [75 marks] As a process engineer, you are tasked to control the process shown in Figure 2. For biomedical engineers, the process could be interpreted as the injection of a solution of a medication compound A, with initial concentration CAO, into a human body, simplified as a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Therefore, your task is to analyse and model this process. The equipment consists of a mixing tank, mixing pipe and CSTR. F₁ Сло CA2 V₁ mixing pipe F4 CA4 F3 CA3 mixing tank Fs CAS Vs stirred-tank reactor Figure 2: Mixing and reaction processes Assumptions used for modelling are as follows: I. Both tanks are well mixed and have constant volume and temperature. II. All pipes are short and contribute negligible transportation delay, III. All flow rates are constant. All densities are constant and uniform throughout. IV. The first tank is a mixing tank. V. VI. The mixing pipe has no accumulation, and the concentration CA3 is constant The second tank…arrow_forwarda) Reflect on the assumptions and briefly explain their implications for your model. Do you agree with the assumptions? If not, briefly suggest improved assumptions. [6 marks] b) Derive a linear(ised) model (algebraic or differential equation) relating C'A2(t) to C'Ao(f). How do you define your system? What type of balance do you need to solve for this purpose? [12 marks] c) Derive a linear(ised) model (algebraic or differential equation) relating C'A4(t) to C'A2(f). Show your balance equation. [12 marks] d) Derive a linear(ised) model (algebraic or differential equation) relating C'A5(t) to C'A4(f). Show your balance equation. [12 marks] e) Combine the models in parts (a) to (c) into one equation relating C'A5 to C'Ao using Laplace transforms. [15 marks] f) Is the response (for example to step input) stable or unstable? Is the response periodic? Is the response damped? [6 marks] g) Carry out an inverse Laplace Transform for C'Ao(s) = A CAO/s (step function) to find C'A5(t) in the time…arrow_forwardHelp with the assignment here.It's attached.arrow_forward
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