The number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals. Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s , p , d a n d f . The lowest energy orbital is l s . The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows, l s , 2 s , 2 p , 3 s , a n d 3 p . The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2 s is lower in energy than 3 s . Accordingly 2 s is lower in energy than 2 p a n d 4 s is lower in energy than 3 d . In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin. The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below, l s , 2 s , 2 p , 3 s , 3 p , 4 s , 3 d , 4 p , 5 s , 4 d , 5 p , 6 s , 4 f , 5 d , 6 p , 7 s , 5 f , 6 d , 7 p , 8 s , ...

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.20E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively. (a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Draw the orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons in boron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF3(g) is -1135.6 kj/mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in the reaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?

18. (a) What did Ernest Rutherford observe during his experiments? (b) What did Niels Bohr observe during his experiments? (c) How did the work of each scientist contribute to the development of the planetary model of the atom? Explain your ideas in at least four (4) sentences.

A hydrogen-like ion is an ion containing only one electron. The energies of the electron in a hydrogen-like ion are given by (2.180 × 10-¹5 1) 2² (1) J) E = kJ where n is the principal quantum number, and Z is the atomic number of the element. Calculate the ionization energy, in your answer to 4 significant digits. mol Note: Reference the Fundamental constants table for additional information. ·2+ of the Li²+ ion. Round I

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.20E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.20E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.20E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.20E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.20E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1E.20E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is s, p, d and f.    The lowest energy orbital is ls.

The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,

    ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p.

The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the 2s is lower in energy than 3s.   Accordingly 2s is lower in energy than 2p and 4s is lower in energy than 3d.

In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.

The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,

ls, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, 8s, ...

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.1AST Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.1BST Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.2AST Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.2BST Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.1E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.3E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.4E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.5E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.6E Ch. 1 - Prob. 1A.7E

Solution Summary: The author explains that the number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Chapter 1 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the number of valence electrons present in tantalum atom has to be predicted.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 1 Solutions

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in technetium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in tellurium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons present in thallium atom has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).