You experiementally apply the compund antimyctin, which inhinits the functioning of complex III, cytochrome reductase, from participating in redox reactions. You follow this with the addition of 6 molecules of FADH2. How many total ATP molecules can be created using the number of protons that were pumped?

Q: Given the ETC, would a test for Cytochrome c Oxidase be positive? (Turn blue) Why or why not?

A: The oxidase test is used to determine those bacteria which contain cytochrome c oxidase. It is a…

Q: Per NADH consumed by Complex I, indicate the number for each, AS those reducing equivalents flow…

A: The electron transport chain is a series of electron carriers through which the electrons are…

Q: A newly identified bacterium is unable to synthesize ubiquinone. A mobile electron carrier called…

A: Ubiquinone (UQ), also known as coenzyme Q, is a redox-active lipid that plays a role in a variety of…

Q: Cytochrome oxidase and succinate-CoQ oxidoreductase are isolated from mitochondria and are incubated…

A: The metabolic pathway Kreb cycle is connected with the electron transport chain, in which the high…

Q: If one FADH2 enters the electron transport chain, describe how electrons from FADH2 flow through the…

A: FADH2 transports electron to electron transport chain at the inner mitochondrial memberane and…

Q: The fi rst organisms on earth may have been chemoautotrophs in which the citric acid cycle operated…

A: Citric acid cycle is the central to the aerobic metabolism. The organism that appeared for the first…

Q: Two mobile electron transfer carriers are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.  Name these…

A: Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen…

Q: Azide is a potent inhibitor of Complex IV. Which of the three functions shown above (electron…

A: Azide is the potent inhibitor of the complex-IV. It means that azide will block the flow of…

Q: In complex I in the electron transport chain electrons from FADH2 are transferred to cytochrome C.…

A: Electron transport chain (ETC) occurs as the last step of cellular respiration. The electrochemical…

Q: Thylakoids were isolated from chloroplasts and incubated in the dark in an acidic solution (pH 4) to…

A: ATP or Adenosine Tri-Phosphate is the chemical compound that is considered as the energy currency…

Q: In steroid synthesis, squalene is oxidizedto squalene epoxide. This reaction is somewhat unusual, in…

A: Introduction: Conversion of squalene to squalene 2,3-epoxide is catalyzed by squalene monooxygenase.…

Q: From what you learned about classifying enzymes in Section 21.9, explain why the enzyme used to…

A: Succinate dehydrogenase is a respiratory complex II enzyme found in the inner mitochondrial membrane…

Q: What role does superoxide dismutase play in ameliorating the effects of reactive oxygen species?…

A: Superoxide dismutase: This is a very important Enzyme that protects the living cells from the…

Q: Answer the following questions about chymotrypsin using the active site diagram below. Sers7 R. :0.…

A: Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme which is used in digestion of proteins. It hydrolyses peptide…

Q: The chemical coupling hypothesis (substrate-level phosphorylation) failed to explain why…

A: Chemical Coupling Hypothesis it's the oldest hypothesis it proposes that electron transport is…

Q: Yeast can produce ATP through either aerobic or anaerobic respiration, depending on whether oxygen…

A: Yeasts are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms belonging to kingdom fungus. Saccharomyces…

Q: (a) A simplistic interpretation of the Q cycle would predict that the proton pumping efficiency of…

A: Q cycle is a part of the electron transport chain that helps for the sequential transfer of…

Q: One of the body's mechanisms of defense against invading bacteria is to surround them and oxidize…

A: Plant and animal body develop various defense mechanism to fight against bacterial pathogen attack.…

Q: The inhibitor X prevents coenzyme Q (Q) from participating in electron transfer in the electron…

A: The mitochondrion is a double membrane bound structure found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in…

Q: A suspension of inside-out submitochondrial particles (i.e., the F1 unit is on the outside of the…

A: Complex V is involved in ATP synthesis.

Q: Two products of anaero bic respiration include O ATP and pyruvate O ATP and NADPH. O alcohol and…

A: Anaerobic respiration is the process of cellular respiration that uses molecules other than…

Q: Consider a mutant hepatocyte cell in which the Q-cycle was not used and teh two electrons from…

A: Electron Transport Chain  Electron Transport Chain or ETC is a series of proteins that creates a…

Q: Given the roles of NAD*/NADH in dehydrogenation reactions and NADPH/NADP+ in reductions, as…

A: The [NAD+]/[NADH] system mainly functions in oxidation of the substrates. Therefore, the…

Q: In complex II in the electron transport chain electrons from coenzyme QH2 is transferred to…

A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is responsible for the oxidation of NADH/FADH2. During the…

Q: Complex No.3 named: Select one: O a. succinate dehydrogenase O b. NADH dehydrogenases Oc. Cytochrome…

A: A complex is a structure made up of a central atom, molecule, or protein that is loosely coupled to…

Q: Freshly prepared mitochondria were incubated with B-hyroxybutyrate, oxidized cytochrome c, ADP, P,…

A: Note: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question…

Q: Explain, at the cellular level, why cyanide is a lethal chemical. b) Suggest at least one other…

A: A.  Cyanide is a chemical that contains a Carbon-nitrogen bond, It is a potentially deadly chemical…

Q: Why is less ATP is made from the reoxidation of FADH2 compared to NADH?

A: Cellular respiration begins with the process of glycolysis in which glucose is partially oxidized to…

Q: When rotenone is added to actively respiring mitochondria,the ratio of NADH to NAD+ increases, but…

A: Rotenone is an odorless, crystalline isoflavone used as broad spectrum insecticide, pesticide, and…

Q: OX/PHOS in the organism that has the c16 ATP Synthase

A: oxidative phosphorylation, the final stage of cellular respiration. Oxidative phosphorylation is…

Q: The reduction potentials of iron in each of the cytochromes in the electron transport complexesvary…

A: Electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation deals with the transport of electron from one…

Q: b) NADH dehydrogenase Q → Cytochrome aa3 → Sequence of complexes in electron transport chain is- a)…

A: Electron transport chain is required for production of ATP from NADH and FADH2, intermediates of…

Q: ors of electron transport have been used to on carriers. What would be the expected redox states of…

A: Myxothiazol is an aggressive inhibitor of ubiquinol and binds on the quinol oxidation  of the bc1…

Q: NADH will not change the Vmax for ADH but does increase the Km for the NAD+ substrate. What type of…

A: Enzymes are biological catalyst that perform specific chemical reaction with within body. They are…

Q: Complexes I and II of the electron transport system transferelectrons from NADH and succinate from…

A: Introduction: The mitochondrial respiratory chain consists of a series of sequentially acting…

Q: Under some conditions, mitochondrial ATP synthase has been observed to actually run in reverse. How…

A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration. During the…

Q: When pure reduced cytochrome c is added to carefully prepared mito- chondria along with ADP, P,…

A: Cytochrome c is a hemeprotein and is a vital component of electron transport chain. The transfer of…

Q: Which of the following is/are highly mobile electron carriers during electron transport? (Select all…

A: The loss of electrons during the reaction is oxidation whereas the gain of electrons is termed…

Q: If the order for the electron transport chain starting from NADH to Oxygen is this: NADH-->Flavin…

A: Aerobic respiration refers to oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water generating energy.…

Q: During ETS, terminal electron acceptor finally receives electrons from a.Succinate dehydrogenase…

A: Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 retains most of the free energy produced during the process glucose…

Q: Explain why FADH2 produces fewer ATP molecules than NADH when it passes its electrons down the…

A: Electron transport chain is a sequential transport of electrons from one complex to other complex…

Q: If one FADH2 enters the electron transport chain, describe how electrons from FADH2 flow through the…

A: Introduction The reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 formed during the citric acid cycle are…

Q: Complexes I and II of the electron transport complex transfer electrons from NADH and succinate,…

A: The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron…

Q: With the addition of rotenone to respiring cells, how can that affect the electron transfer from…

A: Rotenone is an inhibitor of the electron transport chain and affects the ATP formation in the…

Q: Uncoupling agents are proteins spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane that allow protons to pass…

A: An uncoupler, also known as an uncoupling agent, is a chemical that disturbs oxidative…

Q: Suppose that the cytochrome complexes were not embedded within the mitochondrial inner membrane.…

A: The term chemiosmosis refers to the movement of chemical species from its higher concentration to…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.