While fatty acids longer than 20 carbons are rarely found in foods, lignoceric acid (24:0) is found in avariety of tree nuts. Answer the following based on the conversion of a molecule of lignoceric acid to 8-hydroxybutyrate.(a) What are the 8-oxidation products and how many ATP are required during activation for one molecule of lignocericacid?(b) Given the following, how many molecules of 8-hydroxybutyrate can be produced?CoA22CoANADH NAD+H+OHẞ-hydroxybutyrate(c) Based on the total NADH and FADH2 available after converting lignoceric acid into 8-hydroxybutyrate, what is themaximum yield of ATP that can be produced in the liver? Don't forget to include any ATP required for activation steps.

Liganoceric acid (24:0) metabolism entails a number of crucial processes that lead to the production…

Answered: While fatty acids longer than 20…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The effect of ATP on the allosteric enzyme PFK-1 is shown below. For a given concentration of fructose 6-phosphate, the PFK-1 activity increases with increasing concentrations of ATP, but a point is reached beyond which increasing the concentration of ATP inhibits the enzyme. (a) Explain how ATP can be both a substrate and an inhibitor of PFK-1. How is the enzyme regulated by ATP? (b) In what ways is glycolysis regulated by ATP levels? (c) The inhibition of PFK-1 by ATP is diminished when the ADP concentration is high, as shown in the illustration. How can this observation be explained? *A graph is included for this question*
Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods. Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete β-oxidation of myristoleic acid. The formula of myristoleic acid is shown below (it is assumed that the total ATP production is the same for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having the same carbon chain length). CH3-(CH2)3-CHCH-(CH2)7-COOH (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP. ) Group of answer choices a. 96 ATP b. 92 ATP c. 94 ATP d. 34 ATP e. 36 ATP
In a major metabolic pathway involving the monosaccharide glucose, one of the reactions involve the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate summarized below together with accompanying free energy change: glucose + phosphate = glucose-6-phosphate + H,0 AG = 13.8 kJ · mol-1 (Reaction 1) In cells, the production of G6P (Reaction 1 above) is coupled to a reaction that involves the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (shown below, Reaction 2) which makes the overall reaction much more favorable to the production of glucose-6-phosphate. ATP + H,O = ADP + phosphate (Reaction 2) Why do you think coupling the production of glucose-6-phosphate to the hydrolysis of ATP makes the overall reaction spontaneous? What can you say about the free energy change accompanying the hydrolysis of ATP (Reaction 2)?
There is another class of aldolase enzymes known as Class II. These enzymes are found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria. This class differs for Class I in that these enzymes do not have a Lys residue associated with their active sites, but contain a divalent cation (usually Zn2+ or Fe2+) in the active site. Outline a possible mechanism for a Class II aldolase and explain the function of the metal ion in the reaction.
Consider a series of experiments in which 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes (red blood cells) undergoing glycolysis. Would you expect to see the labeled phosphate in any glycolytic intermediates? If so, which and at what relative concentrations?
The equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis of the peptide alanylglycine (Gly-Ala in the reaction from Part B) by a peptidase is K = 9.0 × 10² at 310 K. Calculate AG for this reaction. Express the Gibbs free energy to three significant figures. AG = Submit ΠΑΠΙ ΑΣΦ Request Answer ? kJ/mol Keq [Gly] [Ala] [Gly-Ala]
Most individuals with genetic defects in oxidative phosphorylation are found to have relatively high concentrations of alanine in their blood. how this in biochemical terms? please help :)
The formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions requires 14.2 kJ mol-1 of energy input. It is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP mediated by the enzyme glutamine synthetase. {a) Given that the change in Gibbs energy for the hydrolysis of ATP corresponds to ΔG = -31 kJ mol-1, under the conditions prevailing in a typical cell , can the hydrolysis drive the formation of glutamine? (b) What amount {in moles) of ATP must be hydrolysed to form 1 mol glutamine? (c) Suppose that the radius of a typical cell is 10 μm and that inside it 106 ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of the cell in watts per cubic metre (1W = 1 Js- 1)? (d) A computer battery delivers about 15 Wand has a volume of 100 cm3 Which has the greater power density, the biological cell or the battery?
From data in Table 13-6, calculate the ΔG′° value for the following reactions:(a) Phosphocreatine + ADP → creatine + ATP(b) ATP + fructose → ADP + fructose 6-phosphate
the two derivatives of arachidonic acid shown below (A and B) have been prepared. These derivatives are selectively deuterated (i.e. the H atoms at these doubly allylic positions have been replaced with deuterium atoms. This is a very common strategy to elucidate reaction mechanisms. Please predict where the deuterium atoms would end up in the product of the cyclization reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. initiated by a tyrosyl radical by the enzyme Im stuck on it
Most glucose in the human diet comes from plants. Unlike humans, plants transport sucrose instead of glucose. The conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose is a reversible reaction as shown in Reaction 25.1: Reaction 25.1 Sucrose (aq) + H2O (l) ⇄ Glucose (aq) + Fructose (aq) Under conditions typical of human metabolism, the Keq for Reaction 25.1 is 140,000. At equilibrium, would you expect more of the reactant sucrose or more of the products glucose and fructose to be present? Explain reasoning.
a) The following reaction which is catalyzed by aldolase: Fructose-,6-bisphosphate (FBP) + Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) + Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) AG for this reaction is 22.8 kJ mol'. In the cell at 37°C, AG for this reaction is -5.9 kJ mol". Determine the ratio [GAP][DHAP]/[FBP]

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