Propose structures for intermediates A and B in the scheme below. This three-step conversion is carriedout by enzymes that require no redox cofactors (no FAD, NADH etc.) nor TPP. Which enzyme in the citric acidcycle has an activity most similar to enzyme 1? Which enzyme in the PPP or the citric acid cycle has anintermediate that bears similarity to intermediate B?HOHCOO™EnzlAEnz2BEnz3OH

Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate in the citric acid cycle via dehydration and rehydration. These…

Answered: Propose structures for intermediates A…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter23: Fatty Acid Catabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21P: Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved...

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Complex II links the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. i) With the help of the half reactions given in Table 1, formulate the redox equation for the oxidation of succinate and reduction of ubiquinone.
Enzyme 1 is Aconitase and the starting material goes through both the hydration and dehydration mechanism. I just need help with enzyme 2 and intermediate B, thank you
Some bacteria use the citric acid cycle intermediate, a-ketoglutarate, plus acetyl-CoA, as the starting point for lysine biosynthesis. The first part of this biosynthetic pathway uses the same chemical strategy found in the citric acid cycle. Propose a four-step pathway for the conversion of a-ketoglutarate to 2-oxoadipate. Draw the three missing intermediates, and indicate the chemistry involved in each reaction. Include any cofactors that you think might be required for specific steps.
Please explain each part thoroughly with explanations and answers given. This is Bipchemistry
Consider 3 molecules of galactose: (write only the whole number; no decimal places) How many turns of Krebs Cycle will these molecules undergo for complete oxidation? b. How many moles of ATP are produced upon complete oxidation via malate-aspartate shuttle? c. If all the galactose molecules oxidize via pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative stage only), how many moles of NADPH will be produced?
Page of 6 ZOOM + name: 3. In the last reaction of the citric acid cycle, malate is dehydrogenated to regenerate the oxaloacetate necessary for the entry of acetyl-CoA into the cycle: L-Malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H* AG'° = 30.0 kJ/mol (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 25 °C. (b) Because AG°' assumes a standard pH of 7, the equilibrium constant calculated in (a) corresponds to [oxaloacetate][NADH] Keq [L-malate][NAD*] The measured concentration of L-malate in rat liver mitochondria is about 0.20 mM when [NAD*]/[NADH] is 10. Calculate the concentration of oxaloacetate at pH 7 in these mitochondria. (c) To appreciate the magnitude of the mitochondrial oxaloacetate concentration, calculate the number of oxaloacetate molecules in a single rat liver mitochondrion. Assume the mitochondrion is a sphere of diameter 2.0 microns.
Certain microorganisms with a modified citric acid cycle decarboxylate α-ketoglutarate to produce succinate semialdehyde:
Consider one of the reactions of the citric acid cycle shown below Malate + NAD+ ⇆ Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (malate dehydrogenase) ΔG˚′ = +29.7 kJ/mol. Describe two factors that allow this thermodynamically unfavorable reaction to occur in the direction of malate to oxaloacetate.
With the help of the half reactions given in Table 1, formulate the redox equation for the oxidation of succinate and reduction of ubiquinone.
Consider the mechanism of the aldolase reaction given in figure 9.25. In chapter 12, we saw that the same enzyme was used to catalyze the reverse reaction, DHAP + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatefructose-1,6-bisphosphate, in the first step of stage 3 in the Calvin Cycle. Using arrows and structures similar to what is shown in 9.25, propose a mechanism for this reverse reaction (which is an aldol condensation
Certain microorganisms with an incomplete citric acid cycle decarboxylate α-ketoglutarate to produce succinate semialdehyde. A dehydrogenase then converts succinate semialdehyde to succinate. These reactions can be combined with other standard citric acid cycle reactions to create a pathway from citrate to oxaloacetate. Compare the ATP and reduced cofactor yield of the standard and alternate pathways.
Certain microorganisms with a modified citric acid cycle decarboxylate a-ketoglutarate to produce succinate semialdehyde: (a) Succinate semialdehyde is then converted to succinate, which is furthermetabolized by standard citric acid cycle enzymes. What kind of reactionis required to convert succinate semialdehyde to succinate? Showany coenzymes that might be involved.(b) Based on your answer in part a, how does this pathway compare to thestandard citric acid cycle in energy yield?

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