When the enzyme is incubated with iodoacetate, it is observed that glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate still binds to the modified enzyme, but it is not oxidized. What conclusion can be drawn from this experiment?
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- The Effect of lodoacetic Acid on the Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase Reaction (Integrates with Chapters 4 and 14.) How might iodoacetic acid affect the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in glycolysis? Justify your answer.Distinguishing the Mechanisms of Class I and Class I Aldolases Fructose bisphosphate aldolase in animal muscle is a class 1 aldolase, which forms a Schiff base intermediate between substrate (for example. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and a lysine at the active site (see Figure I8.12). The chemical evidence for this intermediate conies from studies with aldolase and the reducing agent sodium borohydride, NaBH4. Incubation of the enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and NaBH4 inactivates the enzyme. Interestingly, no inactivation is observed if NabH4 is added to the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Write a mechanism that explains these observations and provides evidence for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate in the aldolase reaction.Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved residues in slightly different positions can change the catalytic rate of reaction.
- How many ATP are produced from the complete degradation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate? the complete degradation of ONE glucose using the malate-aspartate shuttle as your guide.Hexokinase phosphohexose isomerase [Choose ] [Choose ] Is not the trapping reaction catalyzes an ATP-dependent phosphorylation of its substrate. Is irreversible and carries out substrate-level phosphorylation. PFK-1 aldolase triose-phosphate isomerase Splits the carbohydrate in two. Product is 2-phosphoglycerate. Is reversible and carries out substrate-level phosphorylation. Product is fructose-6-phosphate. Catalyzes the trapping reaction Makes a 2nd mole of G3P from DHAP Produces a high-free energy compound but no NADH or ATP. Oxidizes an aldehyde. GAPDH [Choose ] Phosphoglycerate kinase [Choose ]Give the Enzyme/s involved, Electron carriers, ATP Generation, End product and significance of the following metabolic pathway: Glycolysis (explain in 1-3 sentences only)
- The conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in the glycolytic pathway (Choose all that apply) O positions a carbonyl group on carbon 2 of fructose-1-phosphate O positions an amino group NH2 on carbon 3 of fructose-1-phosphate O positions a carbonyl group on carbon 3 of fructose-1-phosphate O is an aldose-keto isomerization O positions a primary alcohol function at carbon C-1 that facilitates phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate O is a keto-aldose isomerization O positions an amino group NH2 on carbon 2 of fructose-1-phosphateCompare and contrast Pyruvate Dehydrogenase with a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseOutline the mechanisms of both enzymes. Discuss the functions of the coenzymes. List the similarities and the differences between the 2 enzymes. Both are very large membrane bound complexes. What are the advantages of this strategy?How detailed is the enzyme structure known below(It's Pyruvate Dehydrogenase )? What insight(s) does this structural detail give you about the enzyme mechanism.The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction of glycolysis, (glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate → 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate) (Choose all that apply) O conserves energy by transfer of a proton H* to NAD+ forming NADH O has a high energy thioester intermediate on the enzyme/substrate complex O mechanistically uses covalent catalysis O conserves energy in the formation of a oxygen phosphoric ester O conserves energy in the formation of a carboxylic-phosphoric mixed anhydride O mechanistically requires the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to act as an electron sink
- Draw the products of the reaction of xylulose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate catalyzed by transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. H H H OH FO HO-H H-OH H OPO3²- Q transketolase Draw glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate H H- H H H O OH OH OPO3²- Draw fructose-6- phosphate Q I IPlease draw out mechanism The formation of fructose 1, 6- biphophste from dihydroxyacetome phospahte (DHAP) and Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (GAP) catalyzed by alsolase.The oxidation of Gly-3-P to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate proceeds with an unfavorable AG which equals 6.3 KJ/mol, yet the flow through this point in the glycolytic pathway proceeds smoothly. Why???