What is the Actual Free Energy Change for the hydrolysis of ATP in Rat Hepatocytes in kJ/mol?

Q: In the microbial community of the bovine rumen, the actual AG value has been calculated for glucose…

A: Fermentation is an anaerobic metabolic process through which carbohydrates, such as glucose are…

Q: What are the assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP?

A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life and…

Q: You make reaction progress curve by plotting absorbance vs time (seconds) and find the equation of…

A: LDH measurements are used  in the daignosis abd treatment of luver diseases such as acute viral…

Q: . For parts (a) and (b) of this problem use the following standard reduction potentials, free…

A: The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical…

Q: Calculate the physiological free energy for the substrate level generation of ATP from PEP catalyzed…

A: Step 1: Calculate the standard free energy change (ΔG′∘) ΔG′∘ = ΔGPEP→Pyruvate ​- ΔGATP→ADP​ΔG′∘ =…

Q: In less than 100 words total i) describe the physiological reaction of the red population to…

A: Alcohol metabolism primarily takes place in liver with the help of two main enzymes, alcohol…

Q: Just how much free energy is released via the passage of enough hydrogen ions through the ATP…

A: The Chemisosmotic theory suggests that a proton motive force (PMF) is requires to synthesize ATP…

Q: What Is the P/O Ratio for Mitochondrial OxidativePhosphorylation?

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to molecular…

Q: Calculate the number of ATPs generated by completely oxidizing one molecule of tripalmitoylglycerol…

A: Tripalmitoylglycerol will be converted to three molecules of palmitic acid and one molecule of…

Q: Assume that the complete combustion of one mole of glucose to carbon dioxide and water liberates…

A: Here is the complete solution:

Q: *The following reaction occurs during the glycolysis pathway: glucose-6-phosphate…

A: In a general reaction such as: aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD At equilibrium (steady state), the concentration of…

Q: Cells maintain different steady state ratios of NAD+/NADH (1000) and NADP+/NADPH (0.01). (a) How do…

A: NAD+ is the oxidized version. NAD+ accepts two electrons and a proton to get reduced to NADH.NAD+ +…

Q: Considering that 22.4 kJ/mole is required to transport 1 H+ across the mitochondrial membrane, how…

A:

Q: Given the overall equation for respiration (C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O), in which step(s) in the…

A: Respiration is the process by which organisms convert organic matter, such as glucose, into energy…

Q: Chambers and coworkers have reported [NAD+] and [NADH] concentrations in yeast mitochondria as 20 mM…

A: Gibbs free energy(∆G) is the amount of energy available to a system to do useful work. Standard…

Q: What are the usual ionic forms of ATP and ADP in typical cells? Does this information have any…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?

A: Anoxygenic phototropic bacteria uses ferrous iron as electron donor photosynthesis.

Q: After picking off from the trees some fruits and put them in a box, do they generate heat? , if yes…

A: Like animals, plants also have hormones. Although they are not of similar composition as animal…

Q: Twenty-three milligrams of glucose were eaten by the bacteria Sanacoccus pumasareus. Calculate t…

A: The answer is  2.8× 1021 molecules

Q: The values ​​of the reduction potential (Eº') of the conjugated redox pairs NAD+/NADH and pyruvate /…

A: The significance of reduction potentials comes from the fact that when E has been determined for two…

Q: During constant flight, hummingbirds expend about 2.9 kJ/hr, relying on fat oxidation as an energy…

A: The digestion of sugars and fats are the sources of energy in living beings. Glucose is the primary…

Q: Calculate glucose concentration. Na (sodium) and glucose secondary active transport. Na transport…

A: Gibbs free energy: The change in free energy for a process equals the maximum work that can be done…

Q: - Calculate ammonium sulphate, NADH, a-ketoglutarate and proteins concentrations in the reaction…

A: In order to calculate the concentration of species in the reaction medium at time =0, we need to…

Q: It is estimated that each electron pair donated by NADH leads to the synthesis of approximately…

A: The difference in ATP output between electrons provided by NADH and FADH2 is due mostly to the…

Q: Briefly compare and discuss (in less than 100 words) the three energy nutrients in terms of their…

A: Biomolecules are the biochemical molecules that help organisms to survive. They are primarily…

Q: What is the free energy change for: PEP + ADP → ATP + pyruvate

A: Given, Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + H2O → pyruvate + Pi               ΔG0 = -61.9 kJ/mol  (eq.1)ATP +…

Q: The phosphorylation and oxidative decarboxylation of oxaloacetate by inorganic phosphate (Pi) to…

A: In biochemical processes, the energetics of reactions play a crucial role in determining their…

Q: How many ATP are produced from the complete degradation of G3P using glycerol- three phosphate…

A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH that is a by-product…

Q: Describe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are…

A: The human body is complex and it requires the coordinated action of many systems. The circulatory…

Q: Calculate how many moles of ATP can be made in standard conditions when 1 mole of protons flow back…

A: The principal energy unit of cells, ATP provides the energy required for a variety of cellular…

Q: What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)? Explain how it is used to determine the oxidation of…

A: Introduction: Exercise includes body activities that aid in increasing or maintain physical fitness…

Q: How many grams (net) of the following metabolites (ATP, NADH, Ethanol, and CO2) will be produced…

A: Biochemistry is the science of study of the internal biochemical processes of organisms. The…

Q: Why is it 30 to 32 ATP produced for cellular respiration in Physiology? When I calculate it, I get…

A: ATP produced in cellular respiration   "Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary source…

Q: Explain the difference between ΔG°’ and ΔG and calculate the free energy (delta G) of hydrolysis of…

A: In chemical and especially biochemical systems (like cells), we are concerned more about the energy…

Q: Rat heart muscle operating aerobically fills more than 90% of its ATP needs by oxidative…

A: Glucose is converted to pyruvate via glycolysis. PDHC converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA…

Q: Use the metabolic equation for cycling and the kcal conversion factors to answer the following…

A: Answer well explained above

Q: Define the reason behind the increase in absorbance of NADH at 340?

A: Introduction: Absorbance is the amount of light consumed by a solution. It is also known as optical…

Q: One step of the cycle that incorporates CO2 into glyceraldehyde in plants is the production of two…

A: In Exergonic reaction the free energy of the product is lower than that of the reactants, meanwhile…

Q: Assume that the maximum number of ATPs is produced (38) in glycolysis. At pH 7, and in the presence…

A: Detailed explanation: Step 1: Energy Released from Glucose OxidationThe complete oxidation of 1 mole…

Q: Calculate the standard free-energy change, deltaG'o, for the reaction in which acetaldehyde is…

A: Relevant reaction and their standard reduction potential: Acetaldehyde + 2H+ + 2e- →ethanol…

Q: + additional Pi +Pi no Pi added Time (min) a) Why is more CO2 generated upon the addition of…

A: Glycolysis is an oxidative process that is common in both aerobic and anaerobic cellular…

Q: How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH that participates in the glycerophosphate…

A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, a by-product of…