### Glycolysis Pathway: Reaction and Analysis**Reaction Description:**The following reaction occurs during the glycolysis pathway:\[ \text{glucose-6-phosphate} \rightleftharpoons \text{fructose-6-phosphate}\]**Thermodynamic Data:**- \(\Delta G' = +0.4 \text{ kcal/mol}\)#### Questions:**a) Equilibrium Constant Calculation:**- **Task:** Determine the value for the equilibrium constant in a mammal whose body temperature is 37°C.**b) Cellular Concentrations Analysis:**- **Conditions in Red Blood Cells:** - Glucose-6-phosphate: 83 μM - Fructose-6-phosphate: 14 μM- **Question:** Under these conditions, is this reaction at equilibrium? If not, will it favor the formation of more fructose-6-phosphate or more glucose-6-phosphate?This information helps in understanding the dynamics of glycolysis and how cellular conditions can influence metabolic pathways.

In a general reaction such as: aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD At equilibrium (steady state), the concentration of…

Answered: *The following reaction occurs during…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Glucose-6- phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction: glucose – 6-phosphate + H2O = glucose + phosphate. Glucose-6- phosphatase would be classified as a(n) a) kinase b) hydrolase c) lyase d) oxidoreductase If ∆G for a biochemical reaction has a positive value, this means: a) the reaction will proceed very rapidly b) the reaction will proceed very slowly c) the reaction will generate heat d) The reaction requires energy input to proceed. Which thermodynamic parameter do enzymes change? A) entropy b) activation energy c) enthalpy d) all of these Enzymes have which effect on the chemical equilibrium of a biochemical reaction? A) the equilibrium shifts to favor products b) the equilibrium shifts to favor reactants c) The equilibrium does not shift, but gets there faster d) a new equilibrium is formed
Energy is released in the process of lipid degradation. a)Into which form is the fatty acid converted when it is transported across the inner membrane of mitochondria?b)Write an overall reaction for β-oxidation of a 22:0 fatty acid. c) Calculate the NET amount of ATP produced in (ii). Show your steps of calculation.
To oxidize the fatty acid molecule shown below, what enzyme(s) are needed in addition to the enzymes needed for beta - oxidation? A) 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase only B) enoyl-CoA isomerase only C) both enoyl-CoA isomerase and 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase D) No additional enzymes are needed besides the normal ones for beta - oxidation. CH3(CH2)3-CH=CH-(CH2)3-C-0° по
In the reaction ATP + glucose → ADP + glucose-6-phosphate, ΔG° is -16.7 kJ/mol. Assume that both ATP and ADP have a concentration of 1 M and T = 25°C. What ratio of glucose-6- phosphate to glucose would allow the reverse reaction to occur?
Assume that the maximum number of ATPs is produced (38) in glycolysis. At pH 7, and in the presence of excess Mg2+, how much of the energy in one mole of glucose is stored as ATP?
Which of the reactions are spontaneous (favorable)? C6H130,P + ATP → › C6H14º₁₂P2 + ADP AG = -14.2 kJ/mol L-malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ AG = 29.7 kJ/mol glutamate + NAD+ + H₂O → NH‡ + α-ketoglutarate + NADH + H+ AG = 3.7 kcal/mol → CH2O4 + H2O AG = 3.1 kJ/mol * CąHẠO, — CH,O4 + H,O DHAP C₂H + H₂ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate AG = 3.8 kJ/mol Rh(I) C2H6 AG-150.97 kJ/mol
*Determine the ATP yield from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose under the following conditions: a) b) c) in a mammalian muscle cell carrying out anaerobic glycolysis. in Escherichia coli, an aerobic prokaryote in a mammalian brown fat cell, in which electron transport occurs without producing ATP
Under aerobic conditions of high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. **Please note some molecules contain more details, including not only molecule name, but location of the label. Pick the options that are accurate for the above situation. Glucose C-2 and C-5 Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 only Pyruvate C-1 Lactate C-2 for export CO, from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate Malate
Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the first step of gluconeogenesis. ATP + HCO3─ + pyruvate → oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi ∆G0’ = ─2.1 kJ mol-1 a) Calculate ΔG for this reaction under the following physiological conditions: 370C, pH 7 [pyruvate] = [HCO3─] = 4.0 mM [oxaloacetate]= 2.0 mM [ATP] = 3.5 mM [Pi] = 5.0 mM [ADP] = 1.8 mM
a. Arachidic acid is shown in the diagram below. How many rounds of β-oxidation will be needed to fully catabolize arachidic acid? b. What products will be obtained from the complete β-oxidation of arachidic acid? c. What will be the final ATP output (after TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation) obtained from the complete β-oxidation of arachidic acid?
The following two reactions are coupled in the last step of glycolysis (catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase). РЕР + Н.О € Руr + Pi ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O AG° = -14.8 kcal/mol AG° = +7.3 kcal/mol D) The steady-state concentrations of ATP, ADP, and pyruvate in human erythrocytes are 2.24 mM, 0.25 mM, and 0.051 mM, respectively. What would be the concentration of PEP in these cells if the coupled reaction was at equilibrium?
The Nutrition Facts label on most food products shows % daily values based on a food energy requirement of 8,360 kJ (2,000 kcal) at normal resting state. a) Assuming that the efficiency of converting food energy to ATP is 50%, calculate the mass of ATP (in kg) that is harvested daily by the human body from 8,360 kJ of food energy. A total of 30.5 kJ of energy is needed to synthesize one mole of ATP under standard conditions. The molar mass of ATP is 505 g/mol. b) For an average 68-kg (150 lbs.) human adult, calculate the % mass of extracted ATP (from your answer in 2a) relative to body weight.

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