Use the codon table shown above to help answer this question. An original (wild-type) mRNA sequence and a mutant MRNA sequence are presented below. Choose the effect that the mutation would have on the resulting protein sequence. Wild-type fakE MRNA sequence: 5'-AUGCACGCCAAGUAG-3' Mutant allele fakE63 mRNA: 5'-AUGCACGCAAAAUAG-3' Single amino acid change Multiple amino acid changes No effect on protein No protein would be made

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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Use the codon table shown above to help answer this question.**

An original (wild-type) mRNA sequence and a mutant mRNA sequence are presented below. Choose the effect that the mutation would have on the resulting protein sequence.

**Wild-type fakE mRNA sequence:**
5'-AUGCACGCCAAUGAUG-3'

**Mutant allele fakE63 mRNA:**
5'-AUGCACGCAAAAUAG-3'

- ○ Single amino acid change
- ○ Multiple amino acid changes
- ○ No effect on protein
- ○ No protein would be made
Transcribed Image Text:**Use the codon table shown above to help answer this question.** An original (wild-type) mRNA sequence and a mutant mRNA sequence are presented below. Choose the effect that the mutation would have on the resulting protein sequence. **Wild-type fakE mRNA sequence:** 5'-AUGCACGCCAAUGAUG-3' **Mutant allele fakE63 mRNA:** 5'-AUGCACGCAAAAUAG-3' - ○ Single amino acid change - ○ Multiple amino acid changes - ○ No effect on protein - ○ No protein would be made
### Genetic Code Chart

This chart is a graphical representation of the genetic code, showcasing how the sequences of nucleotides in mRNA translate into corresponding amino acids in proteins. In the diagram:

**Structure of the Chart:**

- The chart is circular and divided into multiple concentric layers, each transitioning from the center to the outer edges.
- Each layer represents a level of nucleotide sequence (codons) and their mappings to specific amino acids.

**Details by Sections:**

1. **Innermost Circle (Central Nucleotides):**
   - The innermost circle contains the four RNA nucleotides: G (Guanine), A (Adenine), U (Uracil), and C (Cytosine).

2. **Second Ring of Nucleotides:**
   - Moving outward, the next ring displays combinations of these nucleotides, forming the first part of the codon triplet. Each nucleotide from the inner circle extends outward and branches into the second nucleotide letter in the sequence.

3. **Third Ring of Nucleotides:**
   - The third ring adds the third nucleotide to complete the codon triplet. From each combination in the second ring, further branches extend to demonstrate all possible codon triplets.

4. **Amino Acids and Stop Codons (Outer Layer):**
   - The outermost layer features the corresponding amino acids or stop signals to each codon triplet.
   - Specific abbreviations of amino acids are given (e.g., Valine, Arginine, Serine).
   - Certain sequences map to 'STOP' codons, signaling the end of translation.

**Legend for Amino Acids:**
- The chart makes use of amino acid abbreviations like Ala (Alanine), Val (Valine), Arg (Arginine), Ser (Serine), Leu (Leucine), etc.
- START codons, which initiation the translation, are indicated at the bottom.

**Usage:**
- To decode an mRNA sequence into amino acids, one starts from the center of the circle, selecting each layer step by step outwardly to form triplets, and then identifies the corresponding amino acid or stop signal at the periphery.

**Example Path:**
- For the codon sequence "AUG":
  - Start from "A" in the innermost circle.
  - Move to "U" in the second ring.
  - Extend to
Transcribed Image Text:### Genetic Code Chart This chart is a graphical representation of the genetic code, showcasing how the sequences of nucleotides in mRNA translate into corresponding amino acids in proteins. In the diagram: **Structure of the Chart:** - The chart is circular and divided into multiple concentric layers, each transitioning from the center to the outer edges. - Each layer represents a level of nucleotide sequence (codons) and their mappings to specific amino acids. **Details by Sections:** 1. **Innermost Circle (Central Nucleotides):** - The innermost circle contains the four RNA nucleotides: G (Guanine), A (Adenine), U (Uracil), and C (Cytosine). 2. **Second Ring of Nucleotides:** - Moving outward, the next ring displays combinations of these nucleotides, forming the first part of the codon triplet. Each nucleotide from the inner circle extends outward and branches into the second nucleotide letter in the sequence. 3. **Third Ring of Nucleotides:** - The third ring adds the third nucleotide to complete the codon triplet. From each combination in the second ring, further branches extend to demonstrate all possible codon triplets. 4. **Amino Acids and Stop Codons (Outer Layer):** - The outermost layer features the corresponding amino acids or stop signals to each codon triplet. - Specific abbreviations of amino acids are given (e.g., Valine, Arginine, Serine). - Certain sequences map to 'STOP' codons, signaling the end of translation. **Legend for Amino Acids:** - The chart makes use of amino acid abbreviations like Ala (Alanine), Val (Valine), Arg (Arginine), Ser (Serine), Leu (Leucine), etc. - START codons, which initiation the translation, are indicated at the bottom. **Usage:** - To decode an mRNA sequence into amino acids, one starts from the center of the circle, selecting each layer step by step outwardly to form triplets, and then identifies the corresponding amino acid or stop signal at the periphery. **Example Path:** - For the codon sequence "AUG": - Start from "A" in the innermost circle. - Move to "U" in the second ring. - Extend to
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