The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene Rb (RB1) codes forthe retinoblastoma protein (pRB). pRB prevents the progression of the cell cycle through G1 if DNA has been damaged. Itdoes so in part because it binds a transcription-activatingdimer referred to as E2F-DP. The pRB-E2F/DP complex recruits a histone deacetylase to chromatin. Explain.

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A: The endoplasmic reticulum is considered to be the main site for protein synthesis. Maturation of…

Q: Which of these epigenetic changes could lead to reduced transcriptlon gene? Please make sure to…

A: Epigenetics is the study of changes in organisms produced by changes in gene expression rather than…

Q: PYK gene codes for the expression of pyruvate kinase, which is one of the enzymes targeted for…

A: Pyruvate kinase is the final enzyme in the glycolytic pathway which ultimately forms  pyruvate from…

Q: Typically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in…

A: Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine deposits inside the…

Q: The GA(T>C)A mutation in the Duffy promoter impacted expression of Duffy in the following cell…

A: The promoter is the region where the RNA polymerase binds during the transcription i.e. synthesis of…

Q: Discuss the role of chromatin proteins in regulating gene expression. How does the three-dimensional…

A: Chromatin is a part of the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell. This highly organized complex of DNA and…

Q: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments enable researchers to measure the levels of…

A: LPS (lipopolysaccharide) treatment results in the recruitment of the transcription factor NfkB and…

Q: Which of the following statements most accurately represent chromatin state and transcription?

A: A quality is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are comprised of DNA. A…

Q: Through recombinant DNA methods, a modified steroid hormone receptor was prepared that consists of…

A: The ligand-binding domain can be defined as the type of domain that allows the binding of the…

Q: Transcriptional regulation relies on chromatin modifications that affect the physical state of…

A: Chromatin  It is a long tread like structure within the chromosomes. It contains DNA and protein.…

Q: A mutation occurred on the lacI (repressor) gene resulting in a constant production of…

A: Genes are the functional segments of DNA. The cluster of these functional segments called genes is…

Q: Mutations in genes encoding chromatin-remodeling complexes have been identified in high frequencies…

A: A mutation is a change that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)when it is damaged or changed…

Q: David Seligson and his colleagues examined levels of histone proteinmodification in prostate tumors…

A: The histone protein modification refers to the post translational modification of histones by…

Q: A protein or RNA that regulates gene expressionin trans—either at the level of transcription,…

A: Trans-acting factors include proteins and RNAs that regulate gene expression in an organism. Their…

Q: The yeast cohesin subunit Scc1, which is essen-tial for sister-chromatid cohesion, can be…

A: The foundation of sister chromatid cohesion is the cycle by which chromatin-related cohesin protein…

Q: True or false If cells were treated with a weak base such as ammonia or chloroquine, which raises…

A: False

Q: In the cells of patients with I-cell disease, their newly synthesized lysosomal proteins are not…

A: All organisms are made of numerous cells. Aptly cells are the building blocks of an organism.  Cells…

Q: Identify the ligand that bind to uniprotkb-P39086, the type of allostery, and describe the general…

A: P39086 is an ID for a protein GRIK1_HUMAN that belongs to Homosapiens. It is a protein of 918 amino…

Q: What factors called mitogens stim-ulate cultured mammalian cells to proliferate by inducing…

A: Mitogens are biologically active polypeptides that induce cells to start division or increase the…

Q: Describe the basic models of transcription factor families, the two transcription factors each…

A: Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that regulate gene transcription. They are trans-regulatory…

Q: Explain the role/importance of the localization of  GTPase-activating protein (Ran-GAP)  in BOTH…

A: The Ran protein is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Ran regulates nucleocytoplasmic…

Q: DNA methylation is considered an epigenetic phenomenon because the pattern of methylation can be…

A: Epigenetics is considered as a study of certain gene expressions, which is heritable.

Q: Would the function of KRAS gene be lost or gained in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer derived cells? Please…

A: KRAS gene is a gene present on the short arm of chromosome 12 that is responsible for the formation…

Q: Explain how the specializations for M-phase function prevents the activities of Interphase,…

A: The cell cycle starts with resting (G0) phase. Then proceeding to interphase (G1 phase, S phase, G2…

Q: Stimulation of map kinase can help regulate cell division and cell mass. the following effects of…

A: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinase) are protein kinases that autophosphorylate dual…

Q: If histones are acetylated on a lysine amino acid (an epigenomic mark), are genes in this region…

A: Epigenetics is the branch of genetics that deals with changes in gene expression (no change in the…

Q: T/F: Based on the information above, vorinostat treatment leads to the increased expression of p21.…

A: The mutation is defined as any kind of change in the arrangement of DNA sequences. The arrangement…

Q: Base on your knowledge of DNA, chromosomes and epigenetics and upon examining the picture below,…

A: Epigenetic modification is the changes in chromatin structure which can result in repression or…

Q: Briefly describe how the cyclin D-cdk4/6 and cyclin E-cdk2 complexes regulate Retinoblastoma protein…

A: Retinoblastoma is the disease occurring in the retina of the eyes. This is basically eye cancer…

Q: CYCLINs are regulatory proteins active for only portions of the cell cycle.  Their transcription is…

A: Cells are the fundamental units of all living organisms. Cells form different tissues in organisms…

Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an effect of histone acetylation on chromatin structure? Selected…

A: Histone acetylation is a post-translational modification that adds acetyl groups to lysine residues…

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A: Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill or slow down cancer cells. It…

Q: Gleevec was described in Video 2.5 as a drug targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein, an abnormal…

A: This phenomenon is a common challenge in cancer therapy. This highlights the need for ongoing…

Q: Nucleation of straight, single line microfilaments is mediated by which of the following? Rho GTPase…

A: The nucleation of actin filaments is a tightly regulated process that involves several proteins.…

Q: Based on the labels you should be able to recognize the characteristic structure depicted below and…

A: Introduction The Process Of Turning Nucleic Acid Information Into Amino Acids Is Known As…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.