The figure provided portrays the integration of Lambda phage into a host chromosome at the att site, located between the gal+ and bio+ genes. This prophage may disintegrate from the host carrying with it host genes, such as gal+ and/or bio+ and go on to ransduce another host bacterium. How would one determine if a gal- host bacterium's phenotype was changed from gal- to gal+? To clarify, the minus version cannot utilize galactose as a carbon source for growth because it does not produce galactase, the

Q: The figure below shows a partial chromosome map of an E. coli Hfr strain.  Each mark = 10 minutes…

A: Given: A partial chromosome map of an E. coli Hfr strain.  Each mark = 10 minutes between…

Q: When a temperate phage infects a bacteria cell it O immediately undergoes the temperate lifecycle. O…

A: Phages can be either virulent or temperate. Lytic cycle is used for replication by virulent phage.…

Q: Consider the phase variation of flagella in Salmonella. Describe the phenotype of a cell in which…

A: Understanding the genetic regulation of flagellar phase variation in bacteria, such as Salmonella,…

Q: By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the…

A: The interrupted mating technique is a technique used to map the genes in the chromosome of the…

Q: T7 promotor in yeast, your protein is a large complex protein. Which would be the ideal vector to…

A: * Given that T7 promotor in yeast has a  p large complex protein.  * An expression vector also…

Q: Let’s suppose a new strain of P1 phage has been identified thatpackages larger pieces of the E. coli…

A: When two genes are present close to each other in a chromosome, the bacteriophages can package the…

Q: The protein of T2 bacteriophage is labeled with 35S and the DNA with 32p. Where would one detect…

A: Introduction: An example of a virus that affects bacteria is the T2 bacteriophage. It belongs to the…

Q: Describe the events (in words) occurring during conjugation in bacterial cells (using F plasmid…

A: Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct…

Q: What is required to package the T4 genome into its phage head?

A: Introduction  T4 is a type bacteriophage which infects the E coli bacteria (Escherichia coli). It is…

Q: Which of the following statement about conjugation is TRUE: During F+ to F- mating, the donor…

A: Conjugation in BacteriaConjugation, often referred to as bacterial sex, is a fascinating process…

Q: In E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an…

A: Transduction is a process of gene transfer in which DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from a source is…

Q: The clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is like a bacterial…

A:

Q: In recombination studies of the rII locus in phage T4, what is the significance of the value…

A: Seymour Benzer developed an experimental system around 1950s for analyzing various subparts of a…

Q: By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the…

A: Genetic material is transferred  between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a…

Q: Host DNA is digested into small pieces, which are occasionally assembled with phage proteins,…

A: Co transduction frequency is defined as the term that is used to explain the phenomenon that two…

Q: Bacteriophage T4 lacks its own RNA polymerase.How do T4 genes get expressed or converted to…

A: Bacteriophage T4  is a double stranded DNA genome that infects E.Coli bacteria. It is capable to…

Q: The strain of λ phage t is cI857. That tells you that the cI DNA segment is disabled by a specific…

A: Lambda phage exhibits a lytic or lysogenic cycle depending on the expression of certain genes.

Q: Describe a series of experiments to SELECT and/or SCREEN for strains containing mutations that…

A: There is a chemical called styrene which is used in many industries to make latex, polystyrene…

Q: Before the integration of a transposon, its transposasemakes a staggered cut in the host target DNA.…

A: Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil…

Q: Choose the statement below that is true about the characteristics of the bacterial fertility factor…

A: The bacterial fertility factor, also known as the F factor or F plasmid, is a DNA molecule that can…

Q: What part of the A. tumefaciens DNA gets transferred to the genome of a plant cell during infection?

A: The genome represents the genetic material in an organism having a set of chromosomes which is…

Q: A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coliand wishes to map its chromosomal location.…

A: A mutation is a sudden change in the DNA sequence. Mutations can result from mistakes during DNA…

Q: The terms conjugation, transduction, and transformation are usedto describe three different natural…

A: The genetic transfer occurs through several mechanisms. These mechanisms lead to evolution.

Q: When bacteriophage P1 causes E. coli to lyse, the resulting materialis called a P1 lysate. What type…

A: Transduction is the process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to…

Q: E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host…

A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present in the DNA molecule. It encodes information for the…

Q: This gene is responsible for making the protein that catalyzes the recombination of the phage genome…

A: Introduction :- Bacteriophages, or phages as they are commonly known, are viruses that only infect…

Q: Linkage maps in an Hfr bacterial strain are calculated in units of minutes (the number of minutes…

A: Conjugation is a process of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. It involves the transfer of…

Q: Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?

A: Phages are viruses that have bacterial cells as their host.

Q: When various strains of λ phage are seeded on a lawn of E. coli, they can form clear or turbid…

A: The Operon is the regulatory system present in DNA in cluster form, which contains structural genes…

Q: How does lambda excise and replicate during the lytic cycle? Explain the factors that determine…

A: Lambda may be a mild bacteriophage that can coordinate its genome into the genome of the host…

Q: If two bacterial genes are 0.6 minute apart on the bacterial chromosome,what cotransduction…

A: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal transfer mechanisms such as transduction,…

Q: In E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an…

A: Gene transfer is the process of insertion of unrelated DNA into cells. There are three mechanisms of…

Q: A plasmid that encodes for a relaxase complex but does not contain the genes necessary to make a…

A:

Q: 2. The table below was obtained by P1 phage transduction followed by media selection of an E. coli…

A: Selected marker: Ala+Unselected markers: 27% Ser+, 2% Gly+In this experiment, the bacteria were…

Q: he Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine is one of the vaccines currently being rolled out for mass vaccination in…

A: Vaccine --  First human vaccine were used against virus was attenuated viruses .Vaccine can be…

Q: plasmid DNA replication

A: C option is correct. In Hfr cell F factor is integrated into the chromosomal bacteria. During…

Q: As mentioned in question 2 of More Genetic TIPS, origins of transfer can be located in many…

A: Bacterial conjugation is the exchange of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another through…

Q: What structures on bacterial host cells serve to allow bacteriophage to recognize them? What…

A: Bacteriophage is a type of virus that is composed of a head and tail. The head part contains a…

Q: phage can be "induced" as a result of DNA damage. Consequences o induction include O Temperate…

A: Viruses that infect bacterial cells are called bacteriophages. Very similar to animal viruses, these…

Q: DNA sequencing of the entire H. influenzae genomewas completed in 1995. When DNA from the…

A: Transformation is the process by which the bacteria and other organisms exchange their genetic…

Q: As described in Figure, host DNA is hydrolyzed into smallpieces, which are occasionally assembled…

A: Mutation is the sudden heritable changes in the genetic material. This results in the loss of…

Q: What is meant by the term site-specific recombination as used in identifying the processes that lead…

A: Phages cannot reproduce on their own as they use their biological machinery in the host cell for…

Q: Most phages that use DNA to propagate work by hijacking host bacterial machinery including RNA…

A: PhiKZ is a giant bacteriophage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.