Randomized, controlled experiments have found that vitamin C is not effective in treating terminal cancer patients.22 However,a 1976 research paper reported that terminal cancer patients given vitamin C survived much longer than did historical controls. The patients treated with vitamin C were selected by surgeons from a group of cancer patients in a hospital.23 Explain how this experiment was biased in favor of vitamin C.

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2-Proportion Test

In a 2-proportion test, two separate proportions are measured at the same time, and their similarity is evaluated. It is also known as a 2-proportion z-test, and a comparison of two different proportions is done in this method.