It is well established that exercise is beneficial for our bodies. Recent studies appear to indicate that exercise can also do wonders for our brains, or, at least, the brains of mice. In a randomized experiment, one group of mice was given access to a running wheel while a second group of mice was kept sedentary. According to an article describing the study, “The brains of mice and rats that were allowed to run on wheels pulsed with vigorous, newly born neurons, and those animals then breezed through mazes and other tests of rodent IQ” compared to the sedentary mice. Studies are examining the reasons for these beneficial effects of exercise on rodent (and perhaps human) intelligence. High levels of BMP (bone-morphogenetic protein) in the brain seem to make stem cells less active, which makes the brain slower and less nimble. Exercise seems to reduce the level of BMP in the brain. Additionally, exercise increases a brain protein called noggin, which improves the brain's ability. Indeed, large doses of noggin turned mice into “little mouse geniuses,” according to Dr. Kessler, one of the lead authors of the study. While research is ongoing in determining how strong the effects are, all evidence points to the fact that exercise is good for the brain. Several tests involving these studies are described. In each case, define the relevant parameters and state the null and alternative hypotheses. Testing to see if there is evidence that mice allowed to exercise have lower levels of BMP in the brain on average than sedentary mice. Testing to see if there is evidence that mice allowed to exercise have higher levels of noggin in the brain on average than sedentary mice. Testing to see if there is evidence of a negative correlation between the level of BMP and the level of noggin in the brains of mice.
It is well established that exercise is beneficial for our bodies. Recent studies appear to indicate that exercise can also do wonders for our brains, or, at least, the brains of mice. In a randomized experiment, one group of mice was given access to a running wheel while a second group of mice was kept sedentary. According to an article describing the study, “The brains of mice and rats that were allowed to run on wheels pulsed with vigorous, newly born neurons, and those animals then breezed through mazes and other tests of rodent IQ” compared to the sedentary mice. Studies are examining the reasons for these beneficial effects of exercise on rodent (and perhaps human) intelligence. High levels of BMP (bone-morphogenetic protein) in the brain seem to make stem cells less active, which makes the brain slower and less nimble. Exercise seems to reduce the level of BMP in the brain. Additionally, exercise increases a brain protein called noggin, which improves the brain's ability. Indeed, large doses of noggin turned mice into “little mouse geniuses,” according to Dr. Kessler, one of the lead authors of the study. While research is ongoing in determining how strong the effects are, all evidence points to the fact that exercise is good for the brain. Several tests involving these studies are described. In each case, define the relevant parameters and state the null and alternative hypotheses.
- Testing to see if there is evidence that mice allowed to exercise have lower levels of BMP in the brain on average than sedentary mice.
- Testing to see if there is evidence that mice allowed to exercise have higher levels of noggin in the brain on average than sedentary mice.
- Testing to see if there is evidence of a
negative correlation between the level of BMP and the level of noggin in the brains of mice.
Given:
There are two groups of mice in the study. The first group of mice is considered as exercising mice and the second group is sedentary mice.
Required: To define relevant parameters and state the hypotheses for each case.
A parameter is a measurable characteristic that is based on the population. Such as, population mean, population standard deviation, population proportion etc.
Basically, an alternative hypothesis is a statement that the researcher wishes to support. It indicates that there is a significant between two groups.
The null hypothesis is a statement that contradicts the alternative hypothesis. It is a statement of no difference between two groups.
(a) To test if the average BMP levels in the brain of exercising mice (group 1) are lower than BMP levels of sedentary mice (group 2).
Here, the parameter is the population mean (), which indicates the average BMP levels.
The relevant hypotheses are stated as follows:
Null Hypothesis:
Meaning, the mean BMP level of group 1 mice is greater than equal to the mean BMP level of group 2 mice.
Alternative Hypothesis: (Claim)
That is, the mean BMP level of group 1 mice is less than the mean BMP level of group 2 mice.
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