A more recent study involved 124 olderadults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI),which is an early sign of dementia. Four yearsafter their diagnoses, they were brought infor medical and cognitive exams. Some of thepatients' conditions had progressed toAlzheimer's disease. After blood tests, it waslearned that those with Alzheimer's had 51%less caffeine in their blood.Part A: What type of study is this?ExperimentalObservationalPart B: What is the explanatory variable inthis study?Alzheimer's diseaseCaffeine levelPart C: What is the response variable?Alzheimer's diseaseO Caffeine level A more recent study involved 124 olderadults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI),which is an early sign of dementia. Four yearsafter their diagnoses, they were brought infor medical and cognitive exams. Some of thepatients' conditions had progressed toAlzheimer's disease. After blood tests, it waslearned that those with Alzheimer's had 51%less caffeine in their blood.Part A: What type of study is this?ExperimentalObservationalPart B: What is the explanatory variable inthis study?Alzheimer's diseaseCaffeine levelPart C: What is the response variable?Alzheimer's diseaseO Caffeine level

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Advanced Engineering Mathematics

10th Edition

ISBN:9780470458365

Author:Erwin Kreyszig

Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig

Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ

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Recall that small effects may be statistically significant if the samples are large. A study of small-business failures looked at 153 food-and-drink businesses. Of these, 107 were headed by men and 46 were headed by women. During a three-year period, 17 of the men's businesses and 7 of the women's businesses failed. (a) Find the proportions of failures for businesses headed by men (sample 1) and businesses headed by women (sample 2). These sample proportions are quite close to each other. p̂men = p̂women = Give the P-value for the z test of the hypothesis that the same proportion of women's and men's businesses fail. (Use the two-sided alternative.) The test is very far from being significant. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z = P-value = (b) Now suppose that the same sample proportions came from a sample of 30 times as large. That is, 210 out of 1380 business headed by women and 510 out of 3210 businesses…
Researchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?
Which uses a group of people with different exposures and follows them over time? Cohort Cross-sectional Quasi-experimental Case-Control
You may need to use the appropriate appendix table or technology to answer this question. Approximately 50% of all caregivers of older adults are caring for someone with memory loss (due to is percentage of caregivers caring for older adults with memory loss. This year, in a random sample of 400 caregivers, 181 were caring for older adults with memory loss uch as Alaheimer's or dementia). It is beleved that there has been a reduction in the (a) State the null and the alternative hypotheses. (Enter t for as needed.) (b) At the 0.05 level using the critical value approach, determine if there has been a significant reduction in the proportion of caregivers caring for adults with memory loss Compute the test statistk. Determine the critical value(s) for this test. (Round your answerta) to two decimal places. If the test is one-taled, enter NONE for the unused tal.) test statisticS test statistic State your condusion. O Reject Ha There is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the…
. A researcher suspects that the actual prevalence of generalized anxiety among children and adolescents is higher than the previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents. The previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents is 4.1%, and the researcher conducts a study to test the accuracy of the previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder by recruiting 98 children and adolescents from various pediatricians’ offices and tests them for generalized anxiety disorder using the DSM-5. The researcher determines that the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among the participants of the study is 6.8%. The researcher’s hypothesis, for a level of significance of 5%, should resemble which of the following sets of hypothesis? A) H0: p > .041; H1: p = .041; alpha= .05 B) H0: p > .041; H1: p = .041; alpha= .95 C) H0: p = .041; H1: p > .041; alpha= .05 D) H0: p = .041; H1: p…
(a) and (b)
Acne is a common skin disease that affects most adolescents and can continue into adulthood. A study compared the effectiveness of three acne treatments and a placebo, all in gel form, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. The study's 517 teenage volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. Success was assessed as clear or almost clear skin at the end of the 12 week period. The results of the study can be seen in the table below. Using the appropriate statistical test, determine if there is significant evidence that the four treatments perform differently. If so, how do they compare.
You are concerned that nausea may be a side effect of Tamiflu, but you cannot just give Tamiflu to patients with the flu and say that nausea is a side effect if people become nauseous. This is because nausea is common for people who have the flu.Past studies state that about 33% of people who get the flu experience nausea. You collected data on 2248 patients who were taking Tamiflu to relieve symtoms of the flu, and found that 810 experienced nausea. You decide to carry out a simulation to test the claim that the percentage of people who take Tamiflu for the relief of flu symtoms and experience nausea is greater than 33%.a) Identify the null and alternative hypotheses.H0H0: ? p = p ≠ p < p > p ≤ p ≥ μ = μ ≠ μ < μ > μ ≤ μ ≥ H1H1: ? p = p ≠ p < p > p ≤ p ≥ μ = μ ≠ μ < μ > μ ≤ μ ≥
A new drug to treat psoriasis has been developed and is in clinical testing. Assume that those individuals given the drug are examined before receiving the treatment and then again after receiving the treatment to determine if there was a change in their symptom status. If the initial results showed that 2.0% of individuals entered the study in remission, 77.0% of individuals entered the study with mild symptoms, 16.0% of individuals entered the study with moderate symptoms, and 5.0% entered the study with severe symptoms calculate and interpret a chi-squared test to determine if the drug was effective treating psoriasis given the information below from the final examination. A. We reject H0 because 6628.08 is greater than 11.07. We have statistically significant evidence at the alpha equals .05 level to show that the distribution of the severity of psoriasis cases at the end of the clinical trial for the sample is different from the distribution of the severity of psoriasis…
As a hospital administrator of a large hospital, you are concerned with the absenteeism among nurses' aides. The issue has been raised by registered nurses, who feel they often have to perform work normally done by their aides. To get the facts, absenteeism data were gathered for the last three weeks, which is considered a representative period for future conditions. After taking random samples of 64 personnel files each day, the following data were produced: Because your assessment of absenteeism is likely to come under careful scrutiny, you would like a type I error of only 1 percent. You want to be sure to identify any instances of unusual absences. If some are present, you will have to explore them on behalf of the registered nurses. a. Design a p-chart. The upper control limit is enter your response here and the lower control limit is enter your response here . (Enter your responses rounded to three decimal places. If your answer for the lower control limit is negative, enter…
A team of epidemiologists at the Mayo Clinic wanted to find whether there is an association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). They conducted a prospective cohort study following obese and non-obese individuals who were free of CVD at the beginning of study for five years. The investigators were also interested in assessing age as a potential confounder, effect modifier, or both. Use the data below to answer the accompanying questions. CVD No CVD Total Obese 10 90 100 Not Obese 35 465 500 Total 45 555 600 CVD No CVD Total Obese 36 164 200 Not Obese 25 175 200 Total 61 339 400 1. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were less than age 50. 2. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were older or equal to age 50. 3. Compute the crude measure of association? 4. List three attributes that age must satisfy before it could…
You are conducting a hypothetical retrospective study on use of plastics and prevalence of current medical problems in students. You hypothesize that participants who used more plastic cups in high school will exhibit more medical problems today. You ask all PH1 students to recall how many times they drank out of plastic cups in high school. Your participants struggle to recall this information and end up guessing how often they used plastic drinking containers in high school. Your study design will be negatively impacted by: (select one) A. Misrepresentation B. Recall error C. Negative associations D. Recall bias

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