Researchers studying the link between prenatal vitamin use and autism surveyed the mothers ofa random sample of children with autism and children with typical development. The table belowshows the number of mothers in each group who did and did not use prenatal vitamins duringthe three months before pregnancy (periconceptional period).Autism. No AutismVitamins - Yes 143Vitamins - No 11115970Do we have sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion of children with autism is differentbetween women that used vitamins and women that did not if the type I error rate you are willingto tolerate is 5%?Not able to determineWe should accept the nullWe should reject the nullWe should not reject the null

Let x1: Number of mothers with autism taking prenatal vitaminsx2: Number of mothers with autism…

Answered: Researchers studying the link between…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A study is conducted to estimate the association between exposure to lead paint in childhood and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Data on n = 400 children are collected, and data on exposure and ADHD diagnosis are shown in Table 9–26. Estimate the crude or unadjusted relative risk. Estimate the crude or unadjusted odds ratio.
You conducted a study to assess the effect of smoking on systolic blood pressure. The results showed that there was a significant association between the two variables, with an odds ratio of 1.5. Explain this finding to someone who has no background in epidemiologic research.
A bank wonders if omitting the annual fee for customers who charge at least $4000 per year would increase the amount of credit card usage (i. e. the total amount charged in a year). The bank makes this offer to a random sample of customers that have spent at least $4000. It then compares how much these customers charged this year with how much they charged last year. This data is found on sheet "CC Fees." Is there evidence at a 5% significance level to state that the mean amount increases when the "no-fee" offer was given?
Calculate an odds ratio A group of teens ages 13-17 with anxiety were chosen as cases in a case-control study. A second group of teens ages 13-17 without anxiety were chosen as controls for the same study. The researchers were investigating if attention deficient and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a potential risk factor (exposure) for anxiety (outcome). The medical histories of cases and controls were examined to determine if participants had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Among cases (teens with anxiety), 77 had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10 and 34 had not been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Among controls (teens without anxiety), 18 had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10 and 124 had not been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Calculate the odds ratio to measure the association between being ADHD and anxiety in teens. Express your answer to the nearest tenth or 1 place past the decimal (example: 15.4).
Teenagers who do not sleep well or long enough may have a higher risk of raised blood pressure, which could lead to cardiovascular disease later in life. The odds of raised blood pressure increase 3.5 times for those who have trouble falling asleep at night or who wake up too early and 2.5 times for those with sleeping periods of fewer than 6.5 hours. A health psychologist is interested in studying teenagers who have diastolic blood pressure scores in the top 20%. Diastolic blood pressure scores for teenagers follow a normal distribution with μ = 72 and σ = 10. Use the Distributions tool to help answer the questions that follow. The minimum z-score necessary to be in the top 20% of the diastolic blood pressure distribution is z =0.842 . Use this z-score to determine X, the corresponding diastolic blood pressure score. X = 80.42 This score, X, is the 80th percentile of diastolic blood pressure scores among teenagers. The percentile rank of this score is 80%…
A credit score is used by credit agencies (such as mortgage companies and banks) to assess the creditworthiness of individuals. Values range from 300 to 850, with a credit score over 700 considered to be a quality credit risk. According to a survey, the mean credit score is 700.1. A credit analyst wondered whether high-income individuals (incomes in excess of $100,000 per year) had higher credit scores. He obtained a random sample of 45 high-income individuals and found the sample mean credit score to be 713.4 with a standard deviation of 84.9. Conduct the appropriate test to determine if high-income individuals have higher credit scores at the a = 0.05 level of significance. State the null and alternative hypotheses. Ho: H (Type integers or decimals. Do not round.) Identify the t-statistic. to = (Round to two decimal places as needed.) Identify the P-value. P-value = (Round to three decimal places as needed.) e%3D Make a conclusion regarding the hypothesis. the null hypothesis. There…
Acne is a common skin disease that affects most adolescents and can continue into adulthood. A study compared the effectiveness of three acne treatments and a placebo, all in gel form, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. The study's 517 teenage volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. Success was assessed as clear or almost clear skin at the end of the 12 week period. The results of the study can be seen in the table below. Using the appropriate statistical test, determine if there is significant evidence that the four treatments perform differently. If so, how do they compare.
A source table has the following information: Three treatment conditions with a sample of n =7 participants in each treatment. You know SS(BW) = 20 and MS(WI) = 2. What is the missing value for MS(BW)? Answer choices: 40, 10, 2, 5 You have an ANOVA source table with the following information: Three treatment groups with a sample of n = 10 participants in each treatment. You also know the SS(BW) =20 and F = 5.00. What is the missing value for SS(Total)? Answer choices: 74, 54, 30, 22 For an experiment involving 2 levels of factor A and 3 levels of factor B with a sample of n = 5 in each treatment condition, what is the value for df(WI)? Answer choices: 30, 29, 24, 20
Part 1 of 4 A doctor in Oklahoma City wants to know whether the average life span for heart disease patients at four hospitals in the city differ. The data below represents the life span, in years, of heart disease patients from each hospital. Perform an ANOVA test with a 10% level of significance to test whether the average life span of heart disease patients in Oklahoma City differs depending on the hospital that treats them Life Span of Patients Treated at Hospital 1: 8.1, 1.2, 7, 11.5, 21, 2, 15.3, 19.2, 10.5, 15.4, 12.7, 15.3, 12.1, 7.5, 11.4, 16.4, 26.7, 14.6, 1.5, 16.3, 12.6, 0.8, 18.2, 4.2, 9.6, 21, 16.3, 2.7 Life Span of Patients Treated at Hospital 2: 17.6, 11.6, 16.8, 5.2, 6.7, 3.2, 13.8, 12.5, 0.9, 6, 14.3, 1.8, 14.8, 10, 5.8, 15.2, 10, 3.7, 11.4, 21.6, 12.9, 0.5, 9.2, 13.9, 10.9 Life Span of Patients Treated at Hospital 3: 8.5, 2.3, 11, 7.4, 14.8, 5.8, 11, 3.4, 10.9, 1.1, 5.9, 21.6, 12.5, 0.1, 15.5, 15.4, 0.8, 7.7, 5.6, 12, 7.1 Life Span of Patients Treated at Hospital 4:…
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, often linked with dreaming, is marked by very high brain activity. In fact, REM periods may be the sleep periods in which the brain is most active. REM sleep takes up a mean of about 25% of the total sleep time, but this varies from person to person. Suppose that in an experimental study, sleep researchers examine 10 adults who are classified as "very active" in their daily lives, 10 who are classified as "moderately active," and 10 who are classified as "inactive." The researchers record, for each participant, the percentage of total sleep time over the course of several nights that is spent in REM sleep. The summary is as follows. Groups Very active Moderately active Inactive Send data to Excel Sample Sample size mean 10 Between groups Error (within groups) Total 10 10 Yes 25.2 Source of Degrees of Sum of variation freedom squares 23.8 The researchers do a one-way, independent-samples ANOVA test of the hypothesis that there is no difference in…
A team of epidemiologists at the Mayo Clinic wanted to find whether there is an association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). They conducted a prospective cohort study following obese and non-obese individuals who were free of CVD at the beginning of study for five years. The investigators were also interested in assessing age as a potential confounder, effect modifier, or both. Use the data below to answer the accompanying questions. CVD No CVD Total Obese 10 90 100 Not Obese 35 465 500 Total 45 555 600 CVD No CVD Total Obese 36 164 200 Not Obese 25 175 200 Total 61 339 400 1. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were less than age 50. 2. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were older or equal to age 50. 3. Compute the crude measure of association? 4. List three attributes that age must satisfy before it could…
A study is conducted to compare three new appetite suppressants (A, B, and C) to a placebo in terms of their effect on weight reduction. A total of 80 participants are involved and are randomly assignned to the comparison groups in equal numbers. The outcome of interest is weight reduction, measured in pounds. The data shown in the table below are observed after 3 months on treatment. Is there a significant difference in mean weight reduction among the four treatments? Use a 5% level of significance. (Hint: SST=1889)

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