Does heavy cell phone use affect brain activity? There is some concern about possible negative effects of radiofrequency signals delivered to the brain. In a randomized matched-pairs study, 47 healthy participants had cell phones placed on the left and right ears. Brain glucose metabolism (a measure of brain activity) was measured for all participants under two conditions: with one cell phone turned on for 50 minutes (the “on” condition) and with both cell phones off (the “off” condition). The amplitude of radio frequency waves emitted by the cell phones during the “on” condition was also measured.  Is this an example of “paired-samples” or “independent samples”? The investigators were interested in seeing whether average brain glucose metabolism was different based on whether the cell phones were turned on or off. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test. Suppose that the mean of differences ? is 0.8, ignoring the unit for now, and the standard deviation of the differences sd is 2. Please conduct the hypothesis test at 5% significance level and state your conclusions.

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Does heavy cell phone use affect brain activity? There is some concern about possible negative effects of radiofrequency signals delivered to the brain. In a randomized matched-pairs study, 47 healthy participants had cell phones placed on the left and right ears. Brain glucose metabolism (a measure of brain activity) was measured for all participants under two conditions: with one cell phone turned on for 50 minutes (the “on” condition) and with both cell phones off (the “off” condition). The amplitude of radio frequency waves emitted by the cell phones during the “on” condition was also measured. 

  1. Is this an example of “paired-samples” or “independent samples”?

  2. The investigators were interested in seeing whether average brain glucose metabolism was different based on whether the cell phones were turned on or off. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test.

  3. Suppose that the mean of differences ? is 0.8, ignoring the unit for now, and the standard deviation of the differences sd is 2. Please conduct the hypothesis test at 5% significance level and state your conclusions.

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