A paper describes a study of the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) exams in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to determine if MRI excams do a better job than mammograms of determining if women who have recently been diagnosed with cancer in one breast have cancer in the other breast. The study participants were 950 women who had been diagnosed with cancer in one breast and for whom a mammogram did not detect cancer in the other breast. These women had an MRI exam of the other breast, and 101 of those exams indicated possible cancer. After undergoing biopsies, it was determined that 30 of the 101 did in fact have cancer in the other breast, whereas 71 đid not. The women were all followed for one year, and four of the women for whom the MRI exam did not indicate cancer in the other breast were subsequently diagnosed with cancer that the MRI did not detect. The accompanying table summarizes this information. Cancer Not Present Cancer Present Total MRI Positive for Cancer 30 71 101 MRI Negative for Cancer 845 849 Total 34 916 950 Suppose that for women recently diagnosed with cancer in only one breast, the MRI is used to decide between the two "hypotheses." Ho: woman has cancer in the other breast H: woman does not have cancer in the other breast (Although these are not hypotheses about a population characteristic, this exercise illustrates the definitions of Type I and Type II errors.) (a) One possible error would be deciding that a woman who does have cancer in the other breast is cancer-free. Is this a Type I or a Type II error? O Type O Type II Use the information in the table to approximate the probability of this type of error. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) (b) There is a second type of error that is possible in this setting. Describe this error. A Type II error would be coming to the conclusion that the woman -Select- v cancer in the other breast when in fact she-Select- v cancer in the other breast. Use the information in the given table to approximate the probability of this type of error. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
A paper describes a study of the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) exams in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to determine if MRI excams do a better job than mammograms of determining if women who have recently been diagnosed with cancer in one breast have cancer in the other breast. The study participants were 950 women who had been diagnosed with cancer in one breast and for whom a mammogram did not detect cancer in the other breast. These women had an MRI exam of the other breast, and 101 of those exams indicated possible cancer. After undergoing biopsies, it was determined that 30 of the 101 did in fact have cancer in the other breast, whereas 71 đid not. The women were all followed for one year, and four of the women for whom the MRI exam did not indicate cancer in the other breast were subsequently diagnosed with cancer that the MRI did not detect. The accompanying table summarizes this information. Cancer Not Present Cancer Present Total MRI Positive for Cancer 30 71 101 MRI Negative for Cancer 845 849 Total 34 916 950 Suppose that for women recently diagnosed with cancer in only one breast, the MRI is used to decide between the two "hypotheses." Ho: woman has cancer in the other breast H: woman does not have cancer in the other breast (Although these are not hypotheses about a population characteristic, this exercise illustrates the definitions of Type I and Type II errors.) (a) One possible error would be deciding that a woman who does have cancer in the other breast is cancer-free. Is this a Type I or a Type II error? O Type O Type II Use the information in the table to approximate the probability of this type of error. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) (b) There is a second type of error that is possible in this setting. Describe this error. A Type II error would be coming to the conclusion that the woman -Select- v cancer in the other breast when in fact she-Select- v cancer in the other breast. Use the information in the given table to approximate the probability of this type of error. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
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Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
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![A paper describes a study of the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) exams in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to determine if MRI exams do a better job than mammograms of determining if women who have recently been diagnosed
with cancer in one breast have cancer in the other breast. The study participants were 950 women who had been diagnosed with cancer in one breast and for whom a mammogram did not detect cancer in the other breast.
These women had an MRI exam of the other breast, and 101 of those exams indicated possible cancer. After undergoing biopsies, it was determined that 30 of the 101 did in fact have cancer in the other breast, whereas 71 did not. The women were all followed for one
year, and four of the women for whom the MRI exam did not indicate cancer in the other breast were subsequently diagnosed with cancer that the MRI did not detect. The accompanying table summarizes this information.
Cancer
Cancer Not
Present
Present
Total
MRI Positive for Cancer
30
71
101
MRI Negative for Cancer
4
845
849
Total
34
916
950
Suppose that for women recently diagnosed with cancer in only one breast, the MRI is used to decide between the two "hypotheses."
Ho: woman has cancer in the other breast
H: woman does not have cancer in the other breast
(Although these are not hypotheses about a population characteristic, this exercise illustrates the definitions of Type I and Type II errors.)
(a) One possible error would be deciding that a woman who does have cancer in the other breast is cancer-free. Is this a Type I or a Type II error?
О туре I
О Туре I
Use the information in the table to approximate the probability of this type of error. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
(b) There is a second type of error that is possible in this setting. Describe this error.
A Type II error would be coming to the conclusion that the woman ---Select---
v cancer in the other breast when in fact she ---Select---
v cancer in the other breast.
Use the information in the given table to approximate the probability of this type of error. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fcb80a5a3-fc38-4f85-bd23-aea358ee9bcd%2Fd2c9e18d-0d49-4fbd-bda7-07b54719373a%2Fk01vajt_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:A paper describes a study of the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) exams in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to determine if MRI exams do a better job than mammograms of determining if women who have recently been diagnosed
with cancer in one breast have cancer in the other breast. The study participants were 950 women who had been diagnosed with cancer in one breast and for whom a mammogram did not detect cancer in the other breast.
These women had an MRI exam of the other breast, and 101 of those exams indicated possible cancer. After undergoing biopsies, it was determined that 30 of the 101 did in fact have cancer in the other breast, whereas 71 did not. The women were all followed for one
year, and four of the women for whom the MRI exam did not indicate cancer in the other breast were subsequently diagnosed with cancer that the MRI did not detect. The accompanying table summarizes this information.
Cancer
Cancer Not
Present
Present
Total
MRI Positive for Cancer
30
71
101
MRI Negative for Cancer
4
845
849
Total
34
916
950
Suppose that for women recently diagnosed with cancer in only one breast, the MRI is used to decide between the two "hypotheses."
Ho: woman has cancer in the other breast
H: woman does not have cancer in the other breast
(Although these are not hypotheses about a population characteristic, this exercise illustrates the definitions of Type I and Type II errors.)
(a) One possible error would be deciding that a woman who does have cancer in the other breast is cancer-free. Is this a Type I or a Type II error?
О туре I
О Туре I
Use the information in the table to approximate the probability of this type of error. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
(b) There is a second type of error that is possible in this setting. Describe this error.
A Type II error would be coming to the conclusion that the woman ---Select---
v cancer in the other breast when in fact she ---Select---
v cancer in the other breast.
Use the information in the given table to approximate the probability of this type of error. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
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