Find the specificity of using self-reported breast cancer as a predictor of actual breast cancer in the California registry.
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For a variety of reasons, self-reported disease outcomes are frequently used without verification in epidemiologic research. In a study by Parikh-Patel et al. (A-12), researchers looked at the relationship between self-reported cancer cases and actual cases. They used the self-reported cancer data from a California Teachers Study and validated the cancer cases by using the California Cancer Registry data. The following table reports their findings for breast cancer:
Cancer Reported (A) Yes
No
Total
Cancer in Registry (B) 2991
112 3103
Cancer Not in Registry
2244 115849
118093
Total
5235 115961
121196
10.
11.
Source: Arti Parikh-Patel, Mark Allen, William E. Wright, and the California Teachers Study Steering Committee, “Validation of Self-reported Cancers in the California Teachers Study,” American Journal of Epidemiology, 157 (2003), 539–545.
(g) Find the specificity of using self-reported breast cancer as a predictor of actual breast cancer in the California registry.
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- An industrial/organizational psychologist has been consulting with a company that runs weekend job-seeking workshops for the unemployed. She collected data on several issues related to these workshops and, after conducting statistical tests, obtained statistically significant findings. She needs to find a way to evaluate effect size so that she can make recommendations to the company. One of the psychologist’s findings is that immediately after the workshop, a sample of 81 job seekers who received training on using the Internet to find job listings worked more than 30 hours per week an average of 8.7 months in the last year, with a standard deviation of 4.1. The typical job seeker works 7.4 months. The psychologist finds that the estimated Cohen’s d is , the t statistic is 2.83, and r² is . Using Cohen’s d and Cohen’s guidelines for interpreting the effect size with the estimated Cohen’s d, there is a treatment effect. Using r² and the extension of Cohen’s guidelines…An industrial/organizational psychologist has been consulting with a company that runs weekend job-seeking workshops for the unemployed. She collected data on several issues related to these workshops and, after conducting statistical tests, obtained statistically significant findings. She needs to find a way to evaluate effect size so that she can make recommendations to the company. One of the psychologist's findings is that 18 months after the workshop, a sample of 81 job seekers who received training on setting career goals worked more than 30 hours per week an average of 8. 7 months in the last year, with a standard deviation of 4.1. The typical job seeker works 7.4 months. The psychologist finds that the estimated Cohen's d is _______ (three decimals)Of all sports, football accounts for the highest incidence of concussion in the United States due to the large number of athletes participating and the nature of the sport. While there is general agreement that concussion incidence can be reduced by making rule changes and teaching proper tackling technique, there remains debate as to whether helmet design may also reduce the incidence of concussion. Rowson et al. (2014) report on a retrospective analysis of head impact data collected between 2005 and 2010 from eight collegiate football teams. Concussion rates for players wearing two types of helmets, Riddell VSR4 and Riddell Revolution, were compared. A total of 1,281,444 head impacts were recorded, from which 64 concussions were diagnosed. The relative risk of sustaining a concussion in a Revolution helmet compared with a VSR4 helmet was 46.1%. This study illustrates that differences in the ability to reduce concussion risk exist between helmet models in football. Although helmet…
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