Page > of 6 ZOOM + TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic regulation TCA cycle (Ch. 16) 1. The citric acid cycle has eight enzymes: citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase. (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction catalyzed by each enzyme. (b) Name the cofactor(s) required by each enzyme reaction. (c) For each enzyme determine which of the following describes the type of reaction(s) catalyzed: condensation (carbon–carbon bond formation); dehydration (loss of water); hydration (addition of water); decarboxylation (loss of CO2); oxidation-reduction; substrate-level phosphorylation; isomerization. (d) Write a balanced net equation for the catabolism of acetyl-CoA to CO2.

Page > of 6 ZOOM + TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic regulation TCA cycle (Ch. 16) 1. The citric acid cycle has eight enzymes: citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase. (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction catalyzed by each enzyme. (b) Name the cofactor(s) required by each enzyme reaction. (c) For each enzyme determine which of the following describes the type of reaction(s) catalyzed: condensation (carbon–carbon bond formation); dehydration (loss of water); hydration (addition of water); decarboxylation (loss of CO2); oxidation-reduction; substrate-level phosphorylation; isomerization. (d) Write a balanced net equation for the catabolism of acetyl-CoA to CO2.

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8P: Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in...

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Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?
int IMLeagues | Provi... Time Remaining: 00:18:21 A Hide Time Remaining A Arsenic is a water soluble element that is a poison because it functions as an allosteric inhibitor of the citric acid cycle enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. One of the consequences of arsenic poisoning is lactic acidosis from the buildup of lactate in the body. Why does arsenic treatment result in a buildup of lactate? Legend Pyruvate Acetyl Hydrogen COA SH + NAD+ Pyruvate dehydrogenase Co,+NADH, H* Adenosine Carbon ATR triphosphate CoA Охygen Guanosine CGTP triphosphate Sulfur Acetyl-CoA COA SH Q Coenzyme Q CoA Coenzyme A HCO3 +CATP Water NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Citrate Pyruvate carboxylase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Enzyme ADP+Pi Citrate synthase Aconitase Oxaloacetate Water cis-Aconitate Water NADH, H* Aconitase Malate dehydrogenase NAD. D-Isocitrate NAD* Malate NADH, H* Isocitrate dehydrogenase CO2 Citric acid cycle Fumarase MacBook Pr
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HANDOUT C Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase and TPI Deficiencies Glucose-6-P GSH + GSH Reduced glutathione 2 H+ NADP+ H₂O₂ Hydrogen peroxide Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Superoxide radical NADPH + H+ 6-Phosphogluconolactone GSSG Glutathione Oxidized reductase Glutathione peroxidase Aerobic respiration, drugs, fava beans glutathione 2 H₂O Detoxification SOD: superoxide dismutase GPx: glutathione peroxidase HK: hexokinase GSSG and GSH: glutathione, oxidized and reduced forms, respectively CAT: catalase The diagram above gives important details about the HMP shunt. Superoxides/free radicals dis- rupt membrane lipids, causing changes in membrane permeability. The HMP shunt is expressed in liver cells, red blood cells, and in lipid-producing tissues. 1. Discuss how glycolysis is affected in G6PD patients, using the diagrams to explain your response. 2. How does this effect differ from TPI patients? 3. Why are red blood cells, but not the nervous system, affected in G6PD patients?
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Handwritten Identify the molecule names, enzyme name, enzyme classification and change in reaction(for glycolysis pathway)