EC Reaction (kJ/mol) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.49 Glucose-6-phosphate →→ -24.77 6-Phosphogluconolactone Enzyme Calvin-Benson Cycle EC Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase 4.1.1.39 oxygenase Enzyme AG (kJ/mol) Reaction Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate + +70.0 |CO,+H,O− 2(3-phosphoglycerate)+H* Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate + O₂ + H₂O → 3-phosphoglycerate + 2-phosphoglycolate+H* NADP Cofactors Cofactors Mg, cobalamin (B₁2). coenzyme-A, NADH+H. Fe-S clusters, and possibly ATP Regulation ▶G6PD is affected by the ratio NADPH + H/NADP". With low [NADPH + H'] the enzyme activity increases. Positive regulators: Insulin, Vit D P13-kinase, etc. Negative regulators: Aldosterone, arachidonic acid, CAMP, p53, etc. Regulation Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) behaves as an inhibitor by strongly binding to the activated form of the enzyme (ECM) Rubisco activase catalyzes the dissociation of RuBP from ECM Notes G6PD is the only source of NADPH in erythrocytes/ G6PD deficiency leads to hemolysis when the body is exposed to certain foods, drugs, infections, or stress. Symptoms may include dark urine, fatigue, paleness, rapid heart rate, and jaundice. G6PD deficiency is inherited in an X-linked recessive (Stanton, 2012) Notes Rubisco is very inefficient as a carboxylase Photosynthetic efficiency is also reduced if the enzyme acts as an oxygenase It is probably the most abundant protein on earth; up to 50% of leaf protein is rubisco (Feller et al., 2008)
EC Reaction (kJ/mol) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.49 Glucose-6-phosphate →→ -24.77 6-Phosphogluconolactone Enzyme Calvin-Benson Cycle EC Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase 4.1.1.39 oxygenase Enzyme AG (kJ/mol) Reaction Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate + +70.0 |CO,+H,O− 2(3-phosphoglycerate)+H* Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate + O₂ + H₂O → 3-phosphoglycerate + 2-phosphoglycolate+H* NADP Cofactors Cofactors Mg, cobalamin (B₁2). coenzyme-A, NADH+H. Fe-S clusters, and possibly ATP Regulation ▶G6PD is affected by the ratio NADPH + H/NADP". With low [NADPH + H'] the enzyme activity increases. Positive regulators: Insulin, Vit D P13-kinase, etc. Negative regulators: Aldosterone, arachidonic acid, CAMP, p53, etc. Regulation Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) behaves as an inhibitor by strongly binding to the activated form of the enzyme (ECM) Rubisco activase catalyzes the dissociation of RuBP from ECM Notes G6PD is the only source of NADPH in erythrocytes/ G6PD deficiency leads to hemolysis when the body is exposed to certain foods, drugs, infections, or stress. Symptoms may include dark urine, fatigue, paleness, rapid heart rate, and jaundice. G6PD deficiency is inherited in an X-linked recessive (Stanton, 2012) Notes Rubisco is very inefficient as a carboxylase Photosynthetic efficiency is also reduced if the enzyme acts as an oxygenase It is probably the most abundant protein on earth; up to 50% of leaf protein is rubisco (Feller et al., 2008)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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![EC
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.49 Glucose-6-phosphate →→ -24.77
6-Phosphogluconolactone
Enzyme
Calvin-Benson Cycle
EC
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase 4.1.1.39
oxygenase
Enzyme
Reaction
8G
(kJ/mol)
CO,+H,Om
2(3-phosphoglycerate) +H*
Reaction
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate + +70.0
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate +
O₂ + H₂O →
3-phosphoglycerate +
2-phosphoglycolate+H
AG
ΔG'
(kJ/mol)
NADP
Cofactors
Cofactors
Mg, cobalamin (B₁2).
coenzyme-A, NADH+H*,
Fe-S clusters, and possibly
ATP
Regulation
G6PD is affected by the ratio
NADPH + H/NADP. With low
[NADPH + H*] the enzyme activity
increases.
Positive regulators: Insulin, Vit D,
PI3-kinase, etc.
Negative regulators: Aldosterone,
arachidonic acid, CAMP, p53, etc.
Regulation
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)
behaves as an inhibitor by strongly
binding to the activated form of the
enzyme (ECM)
Rubisco activase catalyzes the
dissociation of RuBP from ECM
Notes
●G6PD is the only source of NADPH
in erythrocytes/
G6PD deficiency leads to hemolysis
when the body is exposed to certain
foods, drugs, infections, or stress.
Symptoms may include dark urine,
fatigue, paleness, rapid heart rate,
and jaundice.
G6PD deficiency is inherited in an
X-linked recessive (Stanton, 2012)
Notes
Rubisco is very inefficient as a
carboxylase
Photosynthetic efficiency is also
reduced if the enzyme acts as an
oxygenase
It is probably the most abundant
protein on earth; up to 50% of leaf
protein is rubisco (Feller et al.,
2008)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F74bd7c97-b14c-43b6-a405-6d68de03e70c%2Fd2b7a1c8-0105-403d-9a5c-ca4fa451e56a%2Fu80qns_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:EC
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.49 Glucose-6-phosphate →→ -24.77
6-Phosphogluconolactone
Enzyme
Calvin-Benson Cycle
EC
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase 4.1.1.39
oxygenase
Enzyme
Reaction
8G
(kJ/mol)
CO,+H,Om
2(3-phosphoglycerate) +H*
Reaction
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate + +70.0
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate +
O₂ + H₂O →
3-phosphoglycerate +
2-phosphoglycolate+H
AG
ΔG'
(kJ/mol)
NADP
Cofactors
Cofactors
Mg, cobalamin (B₁2).
coenzyme-A, NADH+H*,
Fe-S clusters, and possibly
ATP
Regulation
G6PD is affected by the ratio
NADPH + H/NADP. With low
[NADPH + H*] the enzyme activity
increases.
Positive regulators: Insulin, Vit D,
PI3-kinase, etc.
Negative regulators: Aldosterone,
arachidonic acid, CAMP, p53, etc.
Regulation
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)
behaves as an inhibitor by strongly
binding to the activated form of the
enzyme (ECM)
Rubisco activase catalyzes the
dissociation of RuBP from ECM
Notes
●G6PD is the only source of NADPH
in erythrocytes/
G6PD deficiency leads to hemolysis
when the body is exposed to certain
foods, drugs, infections, or stress.
Symptoms may include dark urine,
fatigue, paleness, rapid heart rate,
and jaundice.
G6PD deficiency is inherited in an
X-linked recessive (Stanton, 2012)
Notes
Rubisco is very inefficient as a
carboxylase
Photosynthetic efficiency is also
reduced if the enzyme acts as an
oxygenase
It is probably the most abundant
protein on earth; up to 50% of leaf
protein is rubisco (Feller et al.,
2008)
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