Question 1: Use this link to view Dr. Nicholson's metabolic pathways chart. http://www.iubmb-nicholson.org/bio.html Part a: Begin by sketching a rectangle with proportions similar to those of the Nicholson metabolic chart. On this rectangle, sketch the following: i.) The chloroplast. (Draw and label a shape similar to that on the Nicholson chart) ii.) The mitochondrion. (Draw and label a shape similar to that on the Nicholson chart.) Part b: Next, on your sketch, locate and label the regions (inside your rectangle) where the following processes occur. Use the Nicholson chart as a guide; i.e. locate these processes on your sketch according to where they appear in the Nicholson pathways chart. In some cases, you may need to read ahead (or Google around) some to gain basic information about the pathways, then study the Nicholson chart to locate them. i. glycolysis ii. the citric acid cycle iii. mitochondrial electron transport. iv. mitochondrial ATP synthesis v. light reactions of photosynthesis vi. fatty acid oxidation vii. fatty acid synthesis viii. the urea cycle
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
Question 1: Use this link to view Dr. Nicholson's
http://www.iubmb-nicholson.org/bio.html
Part a: Begin by sketching a rectangle with proportions similar to those of the Nicholson metabolic chart. On this rectangle, sketch the following:
i.) The chloroplast. (Draw and label a shape similar to that on the Nicholson chart)
ii.) The mitochondrion. (Draw and label a shape similar to that on the Nicholson chart.)
Part b:
Next, on your sketch, locate and label the regions (inside your rectangle) where the following processes occur. Use the Nicholson chart as a guide; i.e. locate these processes on your sketch according to where they appear in the Nicholson pathways chart. In some cases, you may need to read ahead (or Google around) some to gain basic information about the pathways, then study the Nicholson chart to locate them.
i. glycolysis
ii. the citric acid cycle
iii. mitochondrial electron transport.
iv. mitochondrial ATP synthesis
v. light reactions of photosynthesis
vi. fatty acid oxidation
vii. fatty acid synthesis
viii. the urea cycle
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