40. Note the structure of glucose shown below in linear form. The spot next to carbon 2 is an electron that participates in the covalent bond of that carbon with the oxygen of the hydroxyl group. Trace the position of the electron as this glucose molecule proceeds through glycolysis and two turns of the citric acid cycle. I CHO H-COH HO-C-H HIC OH HIC OH CH₂OH

40. Note the structure of glucose shown below in linear form. The spot next to carbon 2 is an electron that participates in the covalent bond of that carbon with the oxygen of the hydroxyl group. Trace the position of the electron as this glucose molecule proceeds through glycolysis and two turns of the citric acid cycle. I CHO H-COH HO-C-H HIC OH HIC OH CH₂OH

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Do question 19
Describe the movement of energy during acetyl–CoA formationand the citric acid cycle.
High amount of citrate decreases the activity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. True or False
A fatty acid (a long straight-chain carboxylic acid with an even number of carbons) is metabolized to acetyl- CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle to be further metabolized (Section 24.9). A fatty acid with anodd number of carbons is metabolized to acetyl-CoA and one equivalent of propionyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA cannot enter the citric acid cycle. Two coenzyme-requiring enzymes are needed to convert it to succinyl-CoA, acompound that can enter the citric acid cycle. Write the two enzyme-catalyzed reactions and include the names of the required coenzymes.
Within a cell, the complete breakdown of glucose to generate ATP occurs by two fundamentally different mechanisms. Name and briefly describe these mechanisms.
Compare the allosteric regulation of phosphorylase in the liver and in muscle, and explain the significance of the difference.
Under aerobic conditions when glucose is limiting, with high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as carbon-2 radiolabeled pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. (multiple answers) Glucose C-2 only Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 and C-5 CO2 from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Lactate C-2 for export Malate Pyruvate C-1
Describe the mechanism for moving acetyl-CoA produced in the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis.
During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Pyruvate then is converted to Acetyl coA and enters the citric acid cycle. Per one (1) glucose molecule that undergoes glycolysis and TCA cycle, complete the table below ATPS produced Products from glycolysis 1. ATP 2. NADH 3. _Pyruvate Equivalence in ATP ATP ATPS АТР Equivalence in ATP ATPS Products from TCA ATPS produced АТР 4. NADH 5. FADH2 6. GTP ATPS ATP ATPS ATP TOTAL ATP Produced 7. ATP
For the two conditions below regarding Glycogenolysis, please explain how glucose release would be affected. Would there be an increased, decrease, or no change compared to “normal” conditions? Also explain which enzyme or reaction is affected and why. Condition 1: the debranching enzyme is inhibited Condition 2: free inorganic phosphate is chelated
For each of the following molecules determine how much ATP would be net from aerobic cellular respiration. Show your work. Which of the following produces the most energy? (a) Triglycerides are first digested into glycerol and fatty acids. The catabolism of this triglyceride yields: 1 DHAP molecule, 15 FADH2, 15 NADH, and 18 acetyl- COA. (b) Proteins are first digested into individual amino acids. Deamination removes the amine group from each amino acid. The resulting catabolism produces 12 pyruvate molecules.
1 2 points Order the following TCA cycle metabolites in the order they are produced in one turn of the citric acid cycle. Not all answers will be used. 2 1 4 3 TI Isocitrate Citrate Lactate Pyruvate Oxaloacetate Isocitrate Succinyl-CoA Aconitate 3-Phosphoglycerate -DO