Norflaxacin is a cidal broad spectrum antibiotic that functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase in gram +/- cells. (DNA gyrase reverses supercoiling which occurs when DNA is unwound during replication). Why does Norflaxacin harm infecting bacteria but not human cells?

Q: For bacteria living in a rapidly changing environment, would a population of bacteria capable of…

A: In Bacteria Conjugation is dependent upon thetra genes found in 'conjugative' plasmids, which, among…

Q: Could you explain how you would know if you successfully induced transformation? Thank you Did you…

A: Transformation experiments are very crucial for understanding fundamental biological processes.…

Q: Based on what you have learned with respect to various DNA repair pathways, decide the most…

A: Introduction  DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a complex molecule that contains the…

Q: Eight mutant bacteriophage strains cannot lyse a certain type of bacteria that can be lysed by…

A: Complementation test is used to determine which genes help each other to get a wild type phenotype.

Q: When plasmids are isolated from bacterial cells, they may existin a number of forms.a. List the…

A: Introduction: A plasmid is an extrachromosomal DNA found in the bacterial population and is separate…

Q: Conjugation depends on direct cell-to-cell contactbetween a donor F+ carrying either a…

A: Conjugation is the process of genetic material transfer between two bacterial cells through direct…

Q: Which of the following could be used to repair a single nucleotide error in replication or a damaged…

A: Gene mutations are rare and random changes in DNA sequence which result in alteration of polypeptide…

Q: You are about to isolate a 3000 bp large plasmid from an E.coli culture. You know that the  plasmid…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for an organism.The…

Q: You generate several temperature sensitive mutant strains of bacteria. To study what genes might be…

A: Introduction :- Bacterial mutants frequently lose a growth characteristic (such as the inability to…

Q: A conjugation-deficient strain of A. radiobacter is used to combat crown gall disease. Explain how…

A: Disease:   When an organism’s body system does not work properly or any organ affects by viruses,…

Q: E. coli DNA polymerase V has the ability to bypass thymine dimers. However, Pol V tends to…

A: DNA polymerase is an enzyme, which helps to synthesize new complementary strands with the…

Q: Approximately how many high-energy bonds does DNA polymerase use to replicate a bacterial chromosome…

A: The bacterial chromosome is circular double-stranded DNA with no free ends that replicates…

Q: Plasmid DNA Extraction by Alkaline Lysis Why is Glacial acetic acid added to solution? What is the…

A: Plasmid  The small usually circular extra chromosomal DNA that contains extra gene for protection of…

Q: Which of the following prokaryotic cells would probably not be “competent” at transformation? an…

A: Bacteria can take up foreign DNA in a process called transformation. Transformation is a key step in…

Q: To promote genetic diversity in bacteria, it has been found that some species have a genetic…

A: Prokaryotic cell is the type of microbial cell which has the characteristic features of no well…

Q: In a cotransformation experiment DNA was isolated from a donor strain that was proA+ and strC+ and…

A: DNA (Deoxyribo-Nucleic acid) is the double stranded genetic material in all prokaryotic and…

Q: a. Assume that replication has been initiated at that ORI. Provide the sequence of the primer that…

A: DNA is the genetic material of almost all living organisms. It contains information that is…

Q: General recombination occurs in bacteria where it is involved in several types of intermicrobial DNA…

A: Genetic refers to relating to the genetic material. The genetic material of a cell is the DNA…

Q: Draw a diagram showing what pGEM will look like after it has been digested with BamHI.

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Q: How can you tell if you have had a successful induced transformation using: "C" = control, "T"…

A: Transformation refers to the process of introducing foreign DNA (such as plasmid DNA) into bacterial…

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Q: For each item, indicate if it is demonstrating vertical gene transfer or horizontal gene transfer:…

A: Gene transfer is a important method in which genetic material is transferred between two…

Q: Direct repair of pyrimidine dimer formation in E. Coli can be accomplished by nucleotide excision.…

A: Escherichia coli, commonly abbreviated as E. coli, is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is…

Q: You are about to isolate a 3000 bp large plasmid from an E.coli culture. You know that the plasmid…

A: 1bp dsDNA=650 Dalton 1 Dalton=1.66×10^(-24) grams ng is nanograms mcl is micro liters 1 gram=…

Q: A mixture of four a-[*p]-labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates was added to permeabilized bacterial…

A: (a)By adding in excess unlabeled rNTPs, the labeled rNTPs that were added previously will stop being…

Q: The terms conjugation, transduction, and transformation are usedto describe three different natural…

A: The genetic transfer occurs through several mechanisms. These mechanisms lead to evolution.

Q: All of the following are true about Restriction endonucleases except fashion

A: DNA fragments are cleaved at particular recognition sites by some enzymes known as Restriction…

Q: 6 = W - 1 A 2 C ♦ ( ◆ ♦ N/A (> ◆ ◆

A: In a complementation chart a group will contain similar mutations that failed to compliment one…

Q: Deamination of cytosine to form uracil can happen spontaneously during replication. It can be…

A: Deamination is a chemical process that removes an amino group from a molecule, such as a nucleotide…

Q: Which of the following scenarios would ONLY occur if your skipped the digest purification step?…

A: Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites, and are commonly used in…

Q: In Figure 5-2, in which of the four processes shown can acomplete bacterial genome be transferred…

A: Conjugation, transformation, and transduction are the types of horizontal gene transfer mechanisms…

Q: Please provide explanation for each step

A: The objective of the question is to identify the DNA sequence that is palindromic when…

Q: The result Jake obtained after transforming his competent Escherichia coli cells with plasmids is as…

A: Plasmid Bacterial cells and some eukaryotes have plasmid which is a small, circular, double-stranded…

Q: Correct order ib which the following enzynes would operate to fix a damaged nucleotide in a human…

A: The correct order of enzymes used to fix a damaged nucleotide in a human gene is option d , i.e.,…

Q: There are two types of excision repair, base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair…

A: DNA excision repair is a process by which damaged DNA is removed and replaced with new, undamaged…

Q: Requires contact between donor and recipient cells. [ Choose Commonly involves F factor [ Choose…

A: The answers for the above mentioned questions is given in step 2.

Q: Replication of both strands of DNA in adenoviruses occurs ina continuous (leading) fashion. How can…

A: Adenovirus is the most common virus which causes common cold and flu. Adenovirus has a broad range…

Q: our plasn igest tub

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Q: Extrachromosomal DNA is critical to the antibiotic resistance found in microorganisms, how do these…

A: Extrachromosomal DNA means a DNA which is present independently of the main DNA or chromosome.…

Q: You have two DNA samples. Only one was expected to have plasmid DNA that was isolated from it. Both…

A: Since only one out of two samples has plasmid DNA. The sample with DNA of other forms can be…

Q: Would you expect transfer of chromosomal DNA by conjugation to be more efficient if cells were…

A: Bacterial conjugation is defined as the transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to…

Q: Draw a diagram showing what pGEM will look like after it has been digested with BamHI. Be sure to…

A: Answer

Q: the following statements are correct about the repair of a Coli (select all that apply)? Strand A…

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Q: what are the plasmid status of bacterial cells resulting from conjugation between a f+ and a f-…

A: Gene transfer is the method of inserting genetic material (DNA or a gene of interest) into cells…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.