A number of yeast-derived elements were added to thecircular bacterial plasmid pBR322. Yeast that requireuracil for growth (Ura− cells) were transformed withthese modified plasmids and Ura+ colonies were selected by growth in media lacking uracil. For plasmidscontaining each of the elements listed in parts (a) to(c), indicate whether you expect the plasmid to integrate into a chromosome by recombination, or insteadwhether it is maintained separately as a plasmid. If theplasmid is maintained autonomously, is it stably inherited by all of the daughter cells of subsequent generations when you no longer select for Ura+ cells (that is,when you grow the yeast in media containing uracil)?a. URA+ geneb. URA+ gene, ARS c. URA+ gene, ARS, CEN (centromere)d. What would need to be added in order for these sequences to be maintained stably in yeast cells as alinear artificial chromosome?
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
A number of yeast-derived elements were added to the
circular bacterial plasmid pBR322. Yeast that require
uracil for growth (Ura− cells) were transformed with
these modified plasmids and Ura+ colonies were selected by growth in media lacking uracil. For plasmids
containing each of the elements listed in parts (a) to
(c), indicate whether you expect the plasmid to integrate into a chromosome by recombination, or instead
whether it is maintained separately as a plasmid. If the
plasmid is maintained autonomously, is it stably inherited by all of the daughter cells of subsequent generations when you no longer select for Ura+ cells (that is,
when you grow the yeast in media containing uracil)?
a. URA+ gene
b. URA+ gene, ARS c. URA+ gene, ARS, CEN (centromere)
d. What would need to be added in order for these sequences to be maintained stably in yeast cells as a
linear artificial chromosome?
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