Multiple Choice ( Select 1 out of 4 options, for the question below.) Which of the following is the sequential process of gene arrangement of the heavy chain of antibodies? Options Transcription --> DJ- joining --> VDJ joining -->Alternative RNA splicing --> Translation Transcription- --> Alternative RNA splicing- VJ joining --> VJC joining --> Translation --> VJ- joining -> VDJ joining -->Transcription --> Translation->Alternative RNA splicing DJ- joining --> VDJ joining -->Transcription --> Alternative RNA splicing --> Translation
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- pathogenic bacteria in gut lumen binds binds capture and transfer to A B submucosa inhibits binds produces produces epithelial cells of small intestine klocated below B-cll follicle in Peyer's patches reside on reside presents among antigens E F capture and transfer from lumen presents engulf antigens pathogenic bacteria in gut submucosa D -lyse-Neutralizing antibodies are effective at preventing infection or toxicity mediated by pathogens or their toxic products. In fact, nearly all vaccines currently in use function by eliciting neutralizing antibodies. One example is the tetanus vaccine, in which neutralizing antibodies are generated against an inactivated form of the tetanus toxin (the tetanus toxoid). The most important feature of a neutralizing antibody is having high affinity for the antigen. being efficient at activating the complement cascade. having a high degree of multivalency, such as being a pentamer or hexamer of immunoglobulin monomers. being present at a high concentration in the circulation. 0 0 0 0Some pathogenic microorganisms encode proteins, such as the Staphylococcus Protein A, that bind to immunoglobulin constant region domains with high affinity. These microbial proteins provide a benefit to the microorganism by: Preventing antibodies bound to the microbe from binding to Fc receptors on phagocytes Blocking the binding of anti-microbial antibodies to the pathogen surface Cleaving the antibody into fragments that separate the antigen-binding region from the effector function Inducing aggregation of the anti-microbial antibodies by multivalent binding to the pathogen-derived protein Preventing the antibody from neutralizing the pathogen
- Which of the following primary sequence of an antibody has the greatest diversity? Question 13 options: All regions are similarly conserved. Fab region Complementarity-determining region (CDR) Fc region receptor binding domain (RBD)A B C D E F G (a) E H [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] (b)Based on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies, while millions of different Variable region domains in the variable part of the antibodies. why?
- You are interested in performing indirect immunofluorescence light microscopy to observe the localization of the catalase enzyme in the cultured HeLa cells, obtained historically from the cervical tumor of Henrietta Lacks. You were going through the lab stock and found a few primary and secondary antibodies. Which of the following secondary antibody can you use in your experiments? O All of the mentioned antibodies can be used in the experiment Goat anti-human antibody conjugated to 10 nm gold Goat-anti-human catalase conjugated to 10 nm gold O Human anti-catalase antibody conjugated to fluorescent rhodamine Goat anti-human antibody conjugated to fluorescent rhodamineAntibody heavy and light chain polypeptides consist of repeated domains, each of which is ~110 amino acids and folds up into a compact three-dimensional structure known as an ‘immunoglobulin domain.’ These immunoglobulin domains are: Mixed and matched between different antibody heavy and light chains to produce variability Always identical to each other within a single antibody heavy chain or light chain polypeptide Always differ in amino acid sequence between different light chain polypeptides in both of the two light chain immunoglobulin domains Similar but not identical in amino acid sequence when comparing the domains in a single heavy chain polypeptide Identical in amino acid sequence for every domain when comparing different antibody heavy chain polypeptides to each otherWrite T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. P and E selectins are expressed by endothelial cells. " " TCRs consist of heavy and light chains. " " A disulfide bond can be found on TCRs. " " The antigen binding site in TCRs is contributed by the variable region of the H chain and the variable region of the light chain. " " CD4, but not CD8, interacts with Lck. " "
- 1) 286 individuals were newly diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in 2018 in Minnesota. Of these individuals, 76% were male. HIV is an enveloped, ssRNA virus_ Baltimore classification VI. This virus targets CD4+ cells. CD4 refers to a glycoprotein which serves as a co-receptor for T-cells, located on T-helper and T-reg immune cells. a) What part of the HIV virus allows for specificity to CD4+ cells?I understand what autoantibodies are, but are ANAs the same thing as autoantibodies, or is there a difference between them. anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs)You can choose one or more than one option Antibodies: IMMUNOLOGY basic have two identical antigen-binding sites. consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. are secreted by plasma cells are produced by T lymphocytes during adaptive immune response can bind their constant heavy chain region to phagocytes Which of the following proteins are transmembrane proteins? CELL BIOLOGY basic integrin oestrogen receptor phospholipase C adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase growth factor receptor What are the correct statements? MOLECULAR BIOLOGY advanced A mutation located within a promoter can change the gene expression. An mRNA can be differentially spliced according to the tissue. RNA transcribed by the RNA polymerase II are translated The end of the transcription process requires a specific DNA sequence A reverse transcriptase can polymerise either a DNA or an RNA strand. Which of the following cells kill other cells by exocytosis of…