How many peptide chains (protein strands) and how many domains are present in this crystal structure of this antibody

Q: Which part of an antibody influences it's biological function

A: Answer: Introduction: Antibody is also known as immunoglobulin, a protein formed by the immune…

Q: Labster - Antibodies: Why are some blood types incompatible?

A: Introduction :- When the body's immune system identifies dangerous molecules called antigens, it…

Q: True or false:   RNA is conserved mechanism in eukaryotes. SDS is an uncharged detergent…

A: RNA or ribonucleic acid is the genetic material found in some living organisms, including some…

Q: The process by which a B cell with the appropriate antibody selection antibiotic deletion clonal…

A: When an antigen reacts with specific receptors and B and T cell and allow to divide continuously in…

Q: Gene region/segment which dictates the antibody class formed by a given B cell. Heavy Chain C exons…

A: Antibodies are the immunoglobins, i.e. Y Y-shaped proteins used by the immune system to respond to…

Q: How T lymphocytes are able to generate surface receptors with millions of different specificities.

A: Introduction  Adaptive immunity is a type of immunity that develops after being exposed to an…

Q: Activation of macrophages increases their expression of class I MHC molecules, making the cells…

A: Here, the statement given is the activation of macrophages increases their expression of class I MHC…

Q: why this statement false Activation of macrophages increases their expression of class I MHC…

A: The immune system of the human body is made up of white blood cells, antibodies, the complement…

Q: Antibodies:  IMMUNOLOGY basic  have two identical antigen-binding sites.  consist of two identical…

A: The multiple choice questions are worked and answers are given below

Q: Why Factor D among complement protein is not a Zymogen.

A: Factor D is a protein encoded by gene CFD. It takes part in alternative pathway of complement…

Q: How are antibodies unique? Please discuss the structure of an antibody. What are the V and C…

A: The antibodies are unique their mechanism of action in response to an antigen. Antibodies are…

Q: The complement system Group of answer choices All of these are actions of complement uses chemotaxis…

A: The complement system (complement cascade) enhances the immune system by increasing the ability of…

Q: why this statement is false All TH cells express CD4 and recognize only antigen associated with…

A: Mature T helper cells express the surface protein called CD4, known as CD4+ cells. It recognizes MHC…

Q: ; Multiple Choice: Each antibody molecule is made up of how many PAIR of polypeptide chains, joined…

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Based on these data, which of the following proteins (biotin, hygromycin, and streptavidin) can rule…

A:

Q: molecules/receptors help TCR in recognition of a peptide

A: T cells fall under 2 major categories that have totally different effector functions. the 2…

Q: A cytolytic group of lymphocytes that directly destroy some "foreign" human cells, e.g., certain…

A: Dear student, as per our honour code, we are authorized to answer one question at a time, since you…

Q: The conjugated -antibody can be either primary antibody or the secondary antibody True False

A: Primary antibody binds to antigen while secondary antibodies bind to primary antibody Fc region. Fc…

Q: Antigen A of blood group A contains H-antigen attached to N-acetyl galactosamine Rhamnose Fucose…

A: Antigens are the substances present in the blood which helps in the production of antibodies against…

Q: Type B red blood cells agglutinate when added to type(A, B) blood.

A: The red blood cells are covered with surface markers or antigens. There are four blood types A, B,…

Q: antibody screening and identifications

A: Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the blood transfusion service should be to provide…

Q: Describe how the structure of immunoglobulins is related to their function

A: Antibodies, the antigen-binding glycoproteins are synthesized exclusively by B-cells and in billions…

Q: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially destroys CD4+ cells. Specifically, what effect…

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS. This is…

Q: explain why that secondary response can be faster than a primary response.

A:

Q: Biochemists tend to classify protein structures into four groups: mostly alpha, mostly beta, mixed…

A: Immunoglobulin is a specialized protein that helps in immunity. This is a Y-shaped tetramer…

Q: Different antibodies found in different countries.

A: Geography played a role in bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG).

Q: Certain antibodies bind solely to the folded structure of their target protein ligand, whereas…

A: The innate and adaptive immunity: The antibody possesses two structural components called paratopes…

Q: Amino acid variation among MHC class II allotypes that present antigens to CD4 T cells is…

A: MHC or major histocompatibility complex is a set of genes. These genes are responsible for the…

Q: T cells and B cells have many similarities in how they produce their highly diverse repertoire of…

A: Somatic hypermutation (or SHM) is a biological mechanism by which the immune system adapts to new…

Q: A monoclonal antibody molecule has only one Fab domain, while a polyclonal antibody has two Fab…

A: An Antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly…

Q: cell mediated immunity occur by .24 B lymphocytes

A: The ability by which we can recognize and tolerate and also reject foreign items and this ability is…

Q: During fetal development, T and B lymphocytes undergo a process that prepares them to react only to…

A: B cells are type of lymphocyte that fight bacteria and viruses by making Y -shaped proteins called…

Q: Which leukocytes become mast cells when they migrate via diapedesis into the tiss

A: Leucocytes, also referred to as white blood cells, are an important part of the body's fight against…

Q: How monoclonal antibody immobilization on poly L lysine

A: A method was advanced for oriented immobilization of monoclonal antibodies on a strong support. The…

Q: In antigen-antibody ratio,these two zonal phenomenon/reaction in precipitation can result into false…

A: Antigen  Antigen is foreign harmful or toxic substance that causes rise in production of antibodies.

Q: activated Tc and Th cells vaccines natural immunity inflammation

A: The image was attached and answers were given in BLOCK letters in the image. In general, host…

Q: Irradiation of mice with a dose of 600 rad of total body irradiation eliminates 95% of total…

A: Introduction :-  Lymphocytes are agranular white blood corpuscles (WBC) . They are of two types ,…

Q: O Antibody interference occurs when (multiple possible answers) Choose all that apply. O free…

A: In immunoassays, the interaction between the contents in the sample with one or more antibodies is…

Q: Describe HOW the spike protein produced by your own cells results in an immune response, antibody…

A: The immune system protects the body from any foreign pathogen. We have specialised cells in the…

Q: True/False: The antibody protein has two functional domains, one for antigen binding and a second to…

A: The immune system defends our body from antigens such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign bodies. It…

Q: Certain naphthalene derivatives, such as the dansyl group, exhibit a weak yellow fluorescence when…

A: Dansyl chloride is a reagent that reacts with primary amino groups in both aliphatic and aromatic…

Q: Why is it important to measure the pharmacokinetics(PK) and metabolism of an antibody drug

A: Pharmacokinetics studies the changes of drug concentration in the body and the total amount of drug…

Q: Which isoform of thymic stromal lymphopoeitin (TSLP) induces inflammatory effects? O long form…

A: Introduction :- Thymic stromal cells, which include all non-T lineage cells such as thymic…

Q: Antigen-presenting cells (APCS) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells that mediate the cellular…

A: Antigen presenting cells are immune cells which have the responsibility of : - Detection Engulfing…

Q: In humans, the mother's antibodies do not cross from the baby's gut into the bloodstream. Yet human…

A: Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules that are synthesized by the B-lymphocytes. They aid in…

Q: True/False: The C3 convertase amplifies the process of complement activation by generating large…

A: Microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., that cause infection are called pathogens. When…

Q: why this statement false All lymphoid cells have antigen-specific receptors on their membrane.

A: The body's immune system is concerned with the protection of body cells against the destructive…

Q: each heavy chain and each light chain has two functional areas: consists of highly variable amino…

A: * Antibodies or immunoglobulins are proteins produced by the body against harmful external…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.