each heavy chain and each light chain has two functional areas: consists of highly variable amino acid sequences which forms the basis of antibody specificity; antigen binds here ????? more conserved amino acid sequences; ????? there are five basic sequences of amino acids, which define the 5 antibody classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD);

Q: Immature B-cells express only IgM on its membrane, and if it encounters antigen the IgM will be…

A: Switch Recombination:- It is a process in immune system where B-cells changes the class of…

Q: Different classes of immunoglobulins are distinguished by the structure of their heavy chain…

A: Introduction: An antibody is a glycoprotein produced by the plasma cells in response to an allergen…

Q: What is the purpose of using a secondary antibody?

A: An antibody is a protein structure raised against a specific antigen. The antibody is denoted as Ab…

Q: What are three roles played by the Fc domain of an antibody?

A: Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four…

Q: Draw the general structure of an antibody and list the different classes as well as their abundance

A: The antibody or immunoglobulins (Ig) are circulating glycoprotein molecules secreted by…

Q: The current view in the field of immunology is that dendritic cells are the primary…

A: Dendritic cells, so named because of their probing, 'tree-like' or dendritic forms, are important…

Q: Organize the following steps in order of antibody production. A. CD40L-CD40 interaction turn on…

A: The process of antibody production begins with the activation of a CD4 T cell by a dendritic cell…

Q: The following events elicit an antibody response to a T-dependent antigen (Ag). Put them in order…

A: "Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question…

Q: TCRs versus antibodies, the overall domain organization of the TCR is not the same as for an…

A: Antibodies bind to a different types of antigenic shapes while TCRs only recognise  antigenic…

Q: When a helper T cell releases interleukin-1 to stimulate other leukocytes during antigen…

A: The cells communicate through the mode of biochemical exchange. It is studied under the domain of…

Q: Write T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. P and E selectins are…

A:

Q: How are PRRs different from B- or T-cell receptors? Which is most likely to be involved in innate…

A: Hope it help answer your questions. Let me know if you have any clarification. thank you

Q: For the diagram below, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: Antigen- binding site V V…

A: Immunoglobulins (or antibodies) are produced by the immune system to fight pathogens like bacteria…

Q: What

A:

Q: Where does the antigen binding region of a BCR and an antibody molecule occur?

A: The B cell receptor (BCR) is a protein on the surface of the B cell composed of membrane bound…

Q: Which of the following is true about complement? Check all that apply. Three pathways of…

A:

Q: You are interested in performing indirect immunofluorescence light microscopy to observe the…

A: Immunofluorescence light microscopy is a laboratory technique that uses fluorescently labeled…

Q: Biochemists tend to classify protein structures into four groups: mostly alpha, mostly beta, mixed…

A: Immunoglobulin is a specialized protein that helps in immunity. This is a Y-shaped tetramer…

Q: CD8 T cells in a culture are analyzed for their ability to produce the cytokine IFN-g, and the…

A: T cells are the essential component of immune system. These are developed in the bone marrow and…

Q: How is the antibody-antigen complex (immune complex) described or characterized by affinity and…

A: Affinity refers to the strength of a single interaction between an antibody binding site (paratope)…

Q: The emphasis in innate immunity is that it is non-specific. Explain how two different factors/parts…

A: The immune system is the defense system of the body. It comprises different cells and organs that…

Q: Which cleavage pattern (indicated by the red triangles in figure below) yields a fragment that has…

A: The biological impact of an antibody on a microorganism or its toxin in the context of infectious…

Q: Can a mature B Cell produce an epitope-specific antibody first and then switch to make an antibody…

A: Since we only answer one question at a time, therefore, we are answering the first question listed…

Q: In a mixed lymphocyte reaction, T cells from individual A make a robust response to…

A: Immunity is an organism's ability to defend against a particular disease or through the activation…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.