Increased ROS levels are a hallmark for Alzheimer's Disease. This is accurately described by all but which of the following statements?ROS production is upregulated because of the activity of the enzyme NADPH oxidaseOxidative phosphorylation is increased, leading to enhanced ROS generation via the ETCAmyloid precursor protein is converted in higher amounts to the amyloid peptide facilitating greater amounts of aggregationBACE1 levels are transcriptionally increased via hypoxia inducible factorMitochondrial pyruvate flux is reduced00000

Within a cell, reactive oxygen species are produced as a byproduct of oxygen metabolism and the cell…

Answered: Increased ROS levels are a hallmark for…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Practice ques tion 1A Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Which of the below mutations (#1-5) could potentially cause cancer in an individual? Be sure to explain why. Info: In many mammalian species, including humans, there is a hormone (H) that acts as a key regulator of hexose (6 carbon sugar, eg - glucose) metabolism, cell cycle progression, and ultimately cell survival. Hormone H regulates these effects via its receptors which are found at both the cell surface (csRu) and within the cell (icRu). The signalling pathways that become activated in the presence of hormone H are depicted and described below. hormone Signalling via the cell surface receptor Hormone H mediates its cell cycle stimulatory and pro-survival effects by binding to and activating the cell surface hormone H receptor (csRu). · The activated csBH activates Lyn, which activates RAS and ultimately the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase…
One form of anemia results when individuals have a deficiency in the enzyme phosphatidylinositol glycan A (PIGA). This enzyme is required for the membrane attachment of proteins anchored by glycolipids to the plasma membrane, using what is called a ‘GPI-linkage.’ Included in the group of GPI-linked cell surface proteins is DAF/CD55. These individuals become anemic because: DAF/CD55 prevents the lysis of red blood cells by infecting pathogens. DAF/CD55 normally prevents the spleen from clearing healthy red blood cells from the circulation. In the absence of PIGA, the red blood cell membrane is bare of proteins allowing increased access of complement activating proteins to attach to the cell membrane. DAF/CD55 is a complement inhibitory protein that inactivates any C3 convertase that may form on host cell surfaces. In the absence of PIGA, red blood cells are unable to synthesize high levels of hemoglobin.
For each of the following proteins describe how the protein function would be altered (or not) in the following scenarios: A receptor tyrosine kinase that always dimerizes even in the absence of ligand 3-ketoacyl-CoA transferase (SCOT) that is expressed in the liver. CPT1 that doesn’t have a malonyl binding site 4. acylCoA dehydrogenase with complex V inhibited
Insulin resistance, as occurs in type 2 diabetes, may lead to increased ketone production and release into blood. Describe the biochemistry that links insulin resistance and ketone production. Compare the cellular energy (e.g. ATP) required and produced when glycogen is synthesize and hydrolyzed, respectively. Compare and contrast the mechanism of fatty acid synthase with translation. When young rats are placed on a totally fat acid free diet, they grow poorly, develop a scaly dermatitis, lose hair, and soon die these symptoms that can be prevented if plant material is included in the diet. Why?
RGS proteins accelerate the GAP activity of Gα subunits. What is the direct result of this GAP activity? - hydrolysis of GTP, resulting in a GDP-bound Gα - phosphorylation of GDP to GTP, resulting in a GTP-bound Gα - an exchange of GTP for GDP bound to Gα - an exchange of GDP for GTP bound to Gα
In a tumor sample with a mutated fumarate dehydrogenase that is less active than the normal isoform, which of these is not an expected consequence? Group of answer choices Decreased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha Decreased antioxidant response Decreased activation of AMPK Decreased activity of Nrf2
In the normal cycle of Ras activity, when Ras is bound to y activity that removes a phosphate to convert GTP back to GDP and this it is inactive. Activation of Ras involves exchanging GDP for The Ras protein has intrinsic Ras. inactivates activates ATP GTP «< Questic A Moving to another question will save this response. ADP GDP GTPase Clo nuclease
Which of the following best describes the use of 2-deoxyglucose in allowing for cancer therapy? Elevates p53 levels directly to regulate glycolytic flux Blocks activation of HIF1transcriptional activation Diminishes lactate production by inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase to allow increased levels of pyruvate to force the transport of pyruvate into the matrix and the function of the TCA cycle Diminishes lactate export from the cell to allow increased levels of pyruvate to force the transport of pyruvate into the matrix and the function of the TCA cycle Competes with glucose for hexokinase, allowing inhibition of glycolytic flux, reducing ATP production.
it is known that exercise is good for diabetics. explain how GLUT 4 transporters may be involved in this beneficial effect of exercise.
Please answer both, thank you
From experiments in which cells expressing normal myosin II heavy chain were altered to either lack (mhckA-) or overexpress (MHCKA ++) a myosin heavy chain kinase (MHCKA). For answering this question recall the earlier the variants on the myosin II heavy chain, in which three key threonines, normally subject to reversible phosphorylation, were altered in various ways: 3X Ser = Serines in place of Threonines 3X Ala = Alanines in place of Threonines 3X Asp = Aspartate in place of Threonines MHCKA is present at normal levels. Which of the two mutants (mhcp- or MHCP++) would be most likely to have a defect in cytokinesis?
Yarrowia lipolytica(Yl) is a non-conventional yeast that diverged from baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Sc), early in evolutionary history. The regulation of glycolytic enzymes in Yl differs from that of Sc. The figures below show how PFK activity is affected by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. Based on these data, which molecule is the major regulator of PFK activity in each species?

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